Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780134605173
Author: Mark F. Sanders, John L. Bowman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 6, Problem 15P
A
a. Speculate about the process by which feeding antibiotics to animals such as cattle might lead to an increase in the number of antibiotic
b. How might the increase in antibiotic
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Penicillin was first used in the 1940s to treat gonorrhea infections produced by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In 1984, according to the CDC, fewer than 1% of gonorrhea infections were caused by penicillin-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. By 1990, more than 10% of cases were penicillin resistant and a few years later the level of resistance was 95%.
Explain the various ways this resistance could be spread among the cells. Could this resistance pass to other infectious bacteria from N. gonorrhoeae?
The bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike
cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from
the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by
the bacterium.
Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium
are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness.
Which of the following describes the most appropriate control group in this experiment?
A
B
с
D
a group of infected and untreated plants of the same species
a group of uninfected and untreated plants of a different species
a group of infected and untreated plants of a different species
a group of uninfected and untreated plants of the same species
Antibotic/drug resistance in bacteria results from mutations induced by the anitbiotic which enhance fitness of the bacteria ensuring their survival.
a) True
b) False
Chapter 6 Solutions
Genetic Analysis: An Integrated Approach (3rd Edition)
Ch. 6 - For bacteria that are F+, Hfr, F', and F-, perform...Ch. 6 - The flow diagram identifies relationships between...Ch. 6 - Conjugation between an Hfr cell and an F-cell does...Ch. 6 - Bacteria transfer genes by conjugation,...Ch. 6 - Explain the importance of the following features...Ch. 6 - Prob. 6PCh. 6 - Describe what is meant by the term site-specific...Ch. 6 - What is a prophage, and how is a prophage formed?Ch. 6 - How is the frequency of cotransduction related to...Ch. 6 - Describe the differences between genetic...
Ch. 6 - Among the mechanisms of gene transfer in bacteria,...Ch. 6 - What is lateral gene transfer? How might it take...Ch. 6 - Lateral gene transfer is thought to have played a...Ch. 6 - Prob. 14PCh. 6 - A 2013 CDC report identified the practice of...Ch. 6 - Hfr strains that differ in integrated F factor...Ch. 6 - Five Hfr strains from the same bacterial species...Ch. 6 - An interrupted mating study is carried out on Hfr...Ch. 6 - An Hfr strain with the genotype cys+leu+met+strS...Ch. 6 - A triple-auxotrophic strain of E. coli having the...Ch. 6 - Penicillin was first used in the 1940 s to treat...Ch. 6 - An attribute of growth behavior of eight...Ch. 6 - Synthesis of the amino acid histidine is a...Ch. 6 - The phage P1 is used as a generalized transducing...Ch. 6 - Prob. 25PCh. 6 - Prob. 26PCh. 6 - Look closely at the consolidated Hfr map and the...Ch. 6 - Fifty bacterial colonies are on a complete-medium...
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- a) The use of artificial inorganic compounds (like arsenic) to kill agricultural pests took place: A. during stage 1 of pesticide practice in the United States (from the 1800s to the early 1900s) B. during stage 2 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1930s) C. during stage 3 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginning in the 1940s) D. during stage 4 of pesticide practice in the United States (beginnin in the 1960s) E. all four of the above stages made equal use of artificial inorganic compounds b) Which of the following successional species would be able to grow the closest to a point source of heavy metal pollution (like the Sudbury smelters in Ontario, Canada)? A. long-lived species (like sugar maples) B. mature species (like oak trees) C. pioneer species (like grasses) D. intermediate species (like pine trees) E. all of the above will be equally able to grow close to a point source of heavy metal pollutantsarrow_forwardThe bacterium Agrobacterium infects plants and causes plant cells to develop tumorlike cellular structures and begin synthesizing sets of proteins that protect the bacterium from the plant immune response, as well as synthesize nutrients that can be used exclusively by the bacterium. Researchers testing the efficacy of two new antibiotic treatments against Agrobacterium are tasked with designing an experiment to test their effectiveness. Which of the following describes the most appropriate dependent variable in this experiment? A B с D the rate of infection the amount of treatment the number of formed tumors the rate of plant growtharrow_forwardResults from a Kirby Bauer antibiotic assay on a Gram-negative bacterial culture are described as follows: A) the bacterium is resistant to penicillin, an antibiotic that targets synthesis of the peptidoglycan cell wall and B) the bacterium is resistant to tetracycline, an antibiotic that targets the small subunit of the ribosome, inhibiting protein synthesis. Which of the results represents intrinsic resistant and which represents acquired resistants?arrow_forward
- No MIC interpretive standards are given for penicillin G against E. coli. Which ONE of the following best describes why this is the case? Select one: A. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G because the drug poorly traverses the outer membrane B. E. coli always have a small subset of cells within the bacterial population that are resistant to penicillin G C. E. coli are inherently resistant because they do not possess the target of penicillin G D. E. coli are naturally susceptible to penicillin G E. E. coli are intrinsically resistant to penicillin G due to the production of penicillinasesarrow_forwardA 65 year old patient undergoes a hernia repair surgery. He receives a polypropylene mesh implant that prevents hernia recurrence. The healing goes well, but four weeks after the surgery he develops fever and sense of discomfort at the surgery site. On a physical examination, there is skin redness and fluctuating mass (palpable mass filled with fluid) around the incision. The doctor suspects that mesh got infected and plans mesh removal surgery. 1) Describe the sequence of local events during wound healing after the implantation of the mesh. For each of the stages of the wound healing process, specify cells that are involved, their role(s), signal molecules that are involved, and their roles.arrow_forward10) If the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus experiences a cost for maintaining one or more antibiotic- resistance genes, what would happen in environments that lack antibiotics? A) These genes would be maintained in case the antibiotics appear. B) These bacteria would be outcompeted and replaced by bacteria that have lost these genes. C) These bacteria would try to make the cost worthwhile by locating and migrating to microenvironments where traces of antibiotics are present. D) The number of genes conveying antibiotic resistance would increase in these bacteria. 11) When nonrandom mating occurs in a population so that individuals prefer to mate with similar individuals, allele frequencies should A) remain the same, but homozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. B) remain the same, but heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. C) change and heterozygotes will be overrepresented in the population. D) change and homozygotes will be overrepresented in the…arrow_forward
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