Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 54.1, Problem 3C
Which principle of community ecology is illustrated by the following example: Two closely related species of small fish occupy the upper two feet of water when they occur in separate ponds, but if they are in the same pond, species a is more often found in the uppermost foot, and species b in the foot below.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1) Which of the following defines the niche of a species?
The role of a species in its community as well as the conditions it requires and the interactions it takes part in
All populations of all species in some area
The type of environment in which a species lives
The number of species and their relative abundance within a community
2)
Which of the following is an example of a biological factor that can affect community structure?
Tropical regions support a high species diversity by receiving the most sunlight energy.
The high temperatures of desert regions limit which species can live there.
A plant species can live only in regions with a suitable level of rainfall.
An insect herbivore inhibits the population growth of a tree species.
3)Which of the following prey defensive adaptations involves two or more prey species coming to resemble one another?
Camouflage
Startle displays…
A group of ecologists want to test if an industrial effluent affects the diversity of aquatic invertebrates in a river. To do this, they compare the community of aquatic invertebrates between two sites: one upstream of the effluent and one downstream of the effluent. Which variable should they calculate to compare the diversity of the two communities of invertebrates?
The carrying capacity of the river
The net reproductive rate
The Shannon Index
The gross primary productivity of the river
The instantaneous rate of growth
Ecology and Biology: Shannon Diversity Index: Definition & Example
The Shannon Diversity Index (sometimes called the Shannon-Wiener Index) is a way to measure the diversity of species in a community.
Denoted as H, this index is calculated as:
H = -Σpi * ln(pi)
where:
Σ: A Greek symbol that means “sum”
ln: Natural log
pi: The proportion of the entire community made up of species i
The higher the value of H, the higher the diversity of species in a particular community. The lower the value of H, the lower the diversity. A value of H = 0 indicates a community that only has one species.
The Shannon Equitability Index is a way to measure the evenness of species in a community. The term “evenness” simply refers to how similar the abundances of different species are in the community.
Denoted as EH, this index is calculated as:
EH = H / ln(S)
where:
H: The Shannon Diversity Index
S: The total number of unique species
What is the Shannon diversity index value for this community?
What…
Chapter 54 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 54.1 - Define ecological niche and distinguish between an...Ch. 54.1 - Define competition and distinguish between...Ch. 54.1 - Summarize the concept of the competitive exclusion...Ch. 54.1 - Define predation and describe the effects of...Ch. 54.1 - Distinguish among mutualism, commensalism, and...Ch. 54.1 - How are acorns, gypsy moths, and Lyme disease...Ch. 54.1 - Why is an organisms realized niche usually...Ch. 54.1 - Which principle of community ecology is...Ch. 54.1 - Name the three kinds of symbiosis and give an...Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 6LO
Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 7LOCh. 54.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 54.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 54.3 - Summarize the main determinants of species...Ch. 54.3 - Prob. 9LOCh. 54.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 54.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 54.3 - Prob. 3CCh. 54.4 - Define succession and distinguish between primary...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 11LOCh. 54.4 - Prob. 12LOCh. 54.4 - Prob. 1CCh. 54.4 - Prob. 2CCh. 54.4 - Prob. 3CCh. 54 - A symbiotic association in which organisms are...Ch. 54 - A species __________ is the totality of its...Ch. 54 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 54 - The tendency for two similar species to differ...Ch. 54 - Competition with other species helps determine an...Ch. 54 - Complete competitors cannot coexist is a statement...Ch. 54 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 54 - The _______________ signifies that species...Ch. 54 - An unpalatable species demonstrates its threat to...Ch. 54 - A limiting resource does all the following except...Ch. 54 - An ecologist studying several forest-dwelling,...Ch. 54 - Support for the individualistic model of community...Ch. 54 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 54 - Many plants that produce nodules for...Ch. 54 - EVOLUTION LINK The rough-skinned newt, which lives...Ch. 54 - EVOLUTION LINK Competition is an important part of...Ch. 54 - INTERPRET DATA Examine the top and middle graphs...Ch. 54 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Describe the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following measures the relative abundance of species in a community? Species Evenness Species Diversity Species Distribution Species Richnessarrow_forwardWhich of the following attributes of a community would tend to lead to higher species richness? High specialization of species A broad resource spectrum High population size in each species Both a and b Both b and carrow_forwardAs a field researcher interested in comparing communities in a stream habitat, what data will you need to collect if you are interested in comparing how species occurrence and abundance differ in different parts of the stream? Explainarrow_forward
- Using the concept of beta diversity, as a field researcher interested in comparing communities in stream habitat, what data will be neede to collect if you are interested in comparing how species occurrence and abundance differ in different parts of the stream?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about the concept of ecological niche is correct? A species' realized niche, may or may not be the same as its fundamental niche The fundamental niche of a species includes biotic and abiotic factors while the realized niche only includes biotic factors A species' fundamental niche is always smaller than its realized niche A niche is the same as a habitatarrow_forwardSpecies richness quantifies the amount of money each species is valued at on the biodiversity stock exchange the relative abundance of species in a community. the number of species in a community the combination of the number of species in a community and their relative abundancesarrow_forward
- Which of the following is true about a community's species diversity? If a community has species richness, it automatically means it also has species diversity. A community can only have either species richness or species diversity, but not both A community can have either species richness or species diversity, or both. None of the abovearrow_forwardChoose one of the following factors and explain how and why species richness varies with it: temporal variation, latitude, succession. Give a specific example.arrow_forwardThe moray eel and cleaner wrasse story at the beginning of the chapter is an example of which type of community interaction? O Competition O Mutualism O Parasitism O Predationarrow_forward
- What is meant by interaction that happen among species is diffusearrow_forwardThe four key attributes of community structure are total number of species top-down and bottom-up effects trophic cascades the sum of interactions among all species physical attributes of a community, including biotic and abiotic factors primary producers species relative abundancearrow_forwardA recent study was carried out by a group of environmentalists to analyze biodiversity levels across different habitats, with data shown in the table below. Based on the information in the table, which of the following statements best describes habitat 3?* Genetic Diversity Species Diversity Habitat Diversity Habitat 1 LOW LOW Medium Habitat 2 Medium High Medium Habitat 3 High Low LOW Habitat 4 Medium Low High O Habitat 3 has likely experienced a bottleneck, as indicated by its low habitat diversity. Habitat 3 likely has faster rates of evolution, as indicated by the high levels of genetic diversity. Habitat 3 likely has species with small populations, as ihdicated by its low species diversity. Habitat 3 likely has species with large habitat ranges, as indicated by its low habitat diversity.arrow_forward
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