Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 5.3, Problem 1HYEW
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The reason that bacteria die after taking antibiotics.
Introduction:
Bacterial cell wall consists of “peptidoglycan”. Antibiotics inactivate various proteins which are involved in the synthesis of peptidoglycan and inhibit the cell wall synthesis in microbial cells.
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Describe facilitated diffusion, primary and secondary active transport, and group translocation in terms of their distinctive characteristics and mechanisms. What advantage does a bacterium gain by using active transport rather than facilitated diffusion?
This graph shows facilitated diffusion of a compound across a cytoplasmic membrane and into a cell. As the external concentration of the compound is increased, the rate of uptake increases until it reaches a point where it slows and then begins to plateau. This is not the case with passive diffusion, where the rate of uptake continually increases as the solute concentration increases. Why does the rate of uptake slow and then eventually plateau with facilitated diffusion?
Match the definitions with the words:
Direct Diffusion, Facilitated Transport, Active Transport
a) passive movement of molecules through a protein channel, down the solute's concentration gradient
b) using a vesicle to move many molecules into a cell
c) movement of molecules through a protein transporter, requires ATP, against the solute's concentration gradient
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - What is likely to have happened If, instead of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.3 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.3 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A cell containing 2% sucrose solution is placed in a hypertonic solution. A.) In one statement maximum, explain what a hypertonic solution is in reference to solute concentration. B.) In one statement, predict the direction of osmosis ( movement of water) C.) In one statement, predict the resulting change in the cell's shape.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples. (Simple) Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion/Passive Transport Osmosis Active Transport Exocytosis Endocytosis (with its 3 subforms)arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples. (Simple) diffusion vs Facilitated diffusionarrow_forward
- You have two types of cells (animal cells and plant cells) that you will place in a variety of conditions. Please describe what would happen to each of those two cells in the following solutions, i) isotonic solution; ii) hypertonic solution; iii) hypotonic solution.arrow_forwardThe surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally. Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter. Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…arrow_forward7) Which is the best definition of osmosis?a) movement of molecules from an area of their higher concentration to an area of their lower concentrationb) movement of water across a membrane from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration.c) movement of molecules from an area of their lower concentration to an area of their higher concentration.d) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low concentration to a higher water concentration with the use of ATP.e) movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of high concentration to a lower concentration.8) Transcriptional factors are required for transcription in all the following organisms except: a) Protozoa b) Bacteria c) Archaea d) Eukarya e) b & c.9) The composition of the flagellar apparatus is more complex in ___ as compared to Prokaryotes: a) Protozoa b) Bacteria c) Archaea d) Mycota e) a & darrow_forward
- Paramecium caudatum lives in a hypotonic solution. Excess water is removed from the cell via structures called contractile vacuoles. Given what you know about vacuoles (refer to Table 3.3, p. 68) and what you know about cells able to contract, suggest the type of transport that occurs when water is moved out of Paramecium.arrow_forward1) Draw a model of the plasma membrane to form a cell. Include a tube embedded in the membrane. Show 2 water molecules inside the cell and 12 water molecules outside the cell. Indicate which way the water will move through the aquaporin with an arrow. a) Using your knowledge of membrane transport, which direction will the water molecules move through the aquaporin? Why? b) Why would water have a difficult time crossing the cell membrane? Keep in mind the structure of water in your answer. 2) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes. a) Develop an explanation for the necessity of having kinks in the hydrophobic tail of the phospholipids that make up cell membranes.arrow_forwardSome antibiotics act as carriers that bind an ion on one side of a membrane, diffuse through the membrane, and release the ion on the other side. The graph shows the conductance of a lipid-bilayer membrane with a carrier antibiotic as a function of temperature. Conductance 40 39 38 Temperature (°C) 37 36 What can you conclude about the effect of a carrier antibiotic on the conductance of the lipid-bilayer membrane? A carrier antibiotic decreases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is quite rigid. A carrier antibiotic increases the conductance of a lipid bilayer, regardless of temperature. O A carrier antibiotic can shuttle ions across a membrane only when the lipid bilayer is highly fluid.arrow_forward
- Define the following? concentration gradient diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion active transportarrow_forwardThe following table depicts the rate of transport of a molecule into a cell as the external concentrations are changed. Based on what you know about the characteristics of membrane transport, the molecule is most likely transported by: a) passive transport b) simple diffusion across the membrane c) facilitated diffusion d) active transportarrow_forwardCompare and contrast the following methods of a passing cell membrane in terms of movement with respect to the concentration gradient, use of ATP, and the use of transporters with examples. Active Transport vs Passive Transportarrow_forward
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The Cell Membrane; Author: The Organic Chemistry Tutor;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AsffT7XIXbA;License: Standard youtube license