Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 2FIB
A membrane that is permeable to some substances but not to others is described as being ________.The movement of a substance through a membrane down its concentration gradient is called ________. When applied to water, this process is called ________. Channels that are specific for water are called _______. The process that moves substances through a membrane against their concentration gradient is called ________.
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Students have asked these similar questions
A phospholipid bilayer separates two chambers. The chambers both contain the same volume of water. The left chamber contains 150 mM of an unknown solute A. Solute B is dissolved in the right chamber also at a concentration of 150 mM. Therefore, the initial osmolarity is the same (isotonic) between the two chambers. However, after a short time, the volume increases substantially in the right chamber. What is the most likely ranking of permeability for the molecules to cause this change? (greater permeability means that the molecule moves first across the membrane)
The movement of water is called osmosis. Osmosis is the diffusion of water, and it too moves to reach equilibrium.
The relationship between solute concentration and water are opposite. An area with high concentration of solute has less water "concentration", and an area of low solute concentration has a higher water "concentration".
Select the options that describe the movement of water if there is a gradient across a membrane.
Hint:
There are two correct answers. One with the solute perspective and one with a water perspective.
Select all that apply:
Water moves from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration.
Water moves from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration.
Water moves from an area of high water "concentration" to an area of low water "concentration".
Water moves from an area of low water "concentration" to an area of high water "concentration".
The concentration gradient describes
the difference in solute concentration across a membrane.
the difference in ion concentration across a membrane.
all of the answer are correct.
the difference in charge concentration across a membrane.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - What is likely to have happened If, instead of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.3 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.3 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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- The passive movement of a solute through a membrane protein down its concentration gradient is an example of _________. a. osmosis b. active transport c. endocytosis d. diffusionarrow_forwardWhen two chambers are separated by a membrane permeable to water but not solute, if water is free to move in either direction without limitation or pressure, then water will move until the concentration of solute on both sides of the chamber is equal move until there is no water on the dilute side move until there is no water on the concentrated side move until the concentration of water on both sides of the chamber is equalarrow_forwardThe distribution of water is determined by solute concentrations. A hypertonic solution would cause a body cell to shrink in sizearrow_forward
- A substance moving across a membrane against a concentration gradient is moving by: active transport facilitated diffusion passive transport osmosisarrow_forwardIf a cell is placed in a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as in its cytoplasm, the solution is referred to as: O Isotonic Hypertonic O Hypotonic Osmoticarrow_forwardOne system consists of a permeable membrane with an intracellular concentration greater than the extracellular concentration. A second system is a semi-permeable membrane with intracellular concentration less than the extracellular concentration. Describe the solution type for each system. Group of answer choices The permeable membrane is hypotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is isotonic. Both systems are isotonic. The permeable membrane is isotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is hypertonic. The permeable membrane is isotonic, the semi-permeable membrane is hypotonic. The permeable membrane is hypertonic, the semi-permeable membrane is isotonic.arrow_forward
- Simple diffusion is ____________ movement of water down concentration gradient using a protein channel movement of materials against their concentration gradient movement of one substance against, and one substance down their concentration gradients movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration using no protein channels movement of materials down their concentration gradient using a protein channelarrow_forwardA cell is placed in a hypertonic medium triggering its regulatory volume control mechanism. Which of the following statements best describes the main ion movement responsible for the regulatory volume control in this situation? Efflux of K+ from the cytosol. Efflux of Na+ from the cytosol. Influx of Na+ into the cytosol. Influx of K+ into the cytosol.arrow_forwardA section of a cell membrane Is shown in the diagram below. CELL MEMBRANE Low Concentration of Substances Outside Cell Cell Membrane Inside Cell High Concentration of Substances Which type of membrane transport by a carrier proteln is most likely shown in the diagram if energy is NOT being used? osmosis simple diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion Direction of Substance Movementarrow_forward
- Which of the following would be most likely to move across the membrane without a transport protein? Water, because it is small and polar O2 (molecular oxygen), because it is small and nonpolar A cation, because it is small and positively charged An anion because it is small and negatively chargedarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a characteristic of facilitated diffusion (passive transport) of a molecule across a membrane? OOO The rate of transport is saturable. It is highly specific for the molecule being transported. All of the answers are correct. Its rate is higher than that of simple diffusion of the molecule. The direction of transport is determined by concentration and/or electrochemical gradients.arrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. Molarity of Solution Average % Change of Mass of Apple Cores 0.0 M 21.5 0.2 M 8.0 0.4 M -7.4 0.6 M -19.2 0.8 M -22.7 1.0 M -36.3 (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple. (c) Describe the environmental conditions taking place in each of the six solutions with the apples.arrow_forward
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