(a)
Introduction: Osmolarity refers to the number of particles in solution. It is a property of every solution, and a person can be compared with the osmolarities of different solutions as long as with the concentrations that are expressed in the same units.
(b)
To determine: Whether the cell volume of the body will decrease or increase or remain unchanged after sweat loss.
Introduction: The term tonicity is used to describe a solution and how that solution would affect the cell volume.
(c)
To determine: The volume and osmolarity of the cell after the sweat loss.
Introduction: Osmolarity describes the number of osmotically active particles (ions or molecules) per liter of solution. It is expressed in osmoles per liter or for very dilute solutions, milliosmoles per liter.
To determine: Whether the result for change in cell volume and osmolarity of the body matches with the above answers.
Introduction: Osmolarity and cell volume are interrelated. If the osmolarity of the cell increases, there is loss of water from the cell which decreases the cell volume.
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Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
- During severe exertion in hot environment, a person can lose up to 3L of sweat per hour. What effect would this loss have on urine concentration and rate of production? Explain the mechanism involvedarrow_forwardWhat are major factors that determine blood osmolality? The osmolality of 0.9% NaCl is ___________. How is the osmolality different from the molarity? Also, predict the effect of 1 L of 600 mOsm/L infusion of sucrose on patients RBC’s osmolality and volume, if previous osmolality of RBC’s was 250 mOsm/L, plasma volume – 3.6 L and RBC’s volume – 2.4 L.arrow_forwardA person has TBW = 42L and ECF = 14 L and a plasma osmolarity of 300 mOsM. After losing 4 gof NaCl and 2 L in sweat, what is the new ECF and ICF volume and osmolarity?arrow_forward
- In patients that suffer from diabetes insipidus, a urine sample would show which of the following? Check all that apply. Elevated protein High osmolarity High levels of glucose Blood cells * Low osmolarityarrow_forwardDuring severe exertion in a hot environment, a person can lose up to 4 liters of sweat per hour ( sweat is less concentrated that extra cellular fluid in the body) what effect would this lose have on urine concentration and rate of production? Explained the mechanisms involved.arrow_forwardIf a person loses 1500 ml of salt-rich sweat and drinks 100 ml of water during the same period what will happen to vasopressin secretion?Why is it important to replace both the water and salt?arrow_forward
- Blood plasma osmolarity is higher than intracellular fluid osmolarity. TRUE or FALSEarrow_forwardMannitol is a sugar that does not pass through the walls of capillaries in the brain. It also does not cross the wall of kidney tubules, the structures that transport blood filtrate to become urine. Explain why mannitol can be considered as osmotically active. How might its clinical administration help to prevent swelling of the brain in head trauma? Also, explain the effect it might have on the water content of urine.arrow_forwardAn athlete is sweating profusely but does not rehydrate. The changing conditions are detected by osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.Select the 4 conditions associated with loss of water and the response it triggers. Increased solute concentration Decreased solute concentration Increased blood volume Decreased blood volume Increased blood pressure Decreased blood pressure Increased release of ADH Decreased release of ADHarrow_forward
- Steven is a 35 year old male. To gain a better understanding of fluid requirement, you have decided to calculate his hourly sweat rate. You have collected the following data: · Exercise duration: 2 hours· Pre-exercise body mass: 85kg· Post-exercise body mass: 82.5kg· Fluid consumed during exercise: 350mL· Urine loss during exercise: 50mL From this data, what is his hourly sweat rate? Based on this, how much fluid should he consume during training?arrow_forwardWhat concentration of sucrose do you estimate would yield no change inpressure? Why is this biologically significant? Explain in your own words. Do not copy and paste from google. Please refer to your data/graphs on Dialysis tubing cell osmosis.arrow_forwardSodium concentration in extracellular fluid is: potassium < potassium = potassium undetectablearrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning