Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134605197
Author: Dee Unglaub Silverthorn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 23RQ
a.
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The movement of the solvent or water from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration through a plasma membrane is known as osmosis.
b.
Summary Introduction
Introduction: In osmosis, the solvent moves from a region of low solute concentration to a region of high solute concentration. The solution which has more solutes than the other solution is known as a hyperosmotic solution. The osmolarity of NaCl is higher than the osmolarity of the glucose.
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A cell with a total of 0.3 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.2 osmol/L. It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane.
Answer the following true or false questions.
1. All particles will diffuse down a concentration gradient, that is, move from a high concentration into a lower concentration
2. Diffusion down a gradient happens because particles are constantly moving (Kinetic Theory)
3. When solvent particles move down a gradient through a membrane it is called osmosis
Regarding the extracellular fluid, which of the following statement is NOT TRUE?
a.Concentration of sodium ions is higher.
b.Concentration of potassium ions is higher.
c.Extracellular fluid refers to the contents outside the cell.
d.Extracellular fluid contributes towards the interstitial fluid.
Clear my choice
1) whether the statement is correct or incorrect and 2) the reasoning for your answer. Your answer should demonstrate your understanding of the physiological concepts underlying the statement and be professionally written.
Both transmembrane carrier proteins and transmembrane channel proteins can mediate active transport of a hydrophilic solute through a cell plasma membrane.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Human Physiology: An Integrated Approach (8th Edition)
Ch. 5.1 - If the 58-kg Reference Woman has total body water...Ch. 5.1 - A mother brings her baby to the emergency room...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 6CCCh. 5.1 - Two compartments are separated by a membrane that...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 8CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 9CCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 10CCCh. 5.3 - If the distance over which a molecule must diffuse...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 12CCCh. 5.3 - Which is more likely to cross a cell membrane by...
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 14CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 15CCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 16CCCh. 5.4 - Positively charged ions are called _____, and...Ch. 5.4 - Name four functions of membrane proteins.Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 19CCCh. 5.4 - Prob. 20CCCh. 5.4 - If a channel is lined with amino acids that have a...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 22CCCh. 5.4 - Liver cells (hepatocytes) are able to convert...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 24CCCh. 5.5 - What would you call a carrier that moves two...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 26CCCh. 5.5 - Prob. 27CCCh. 5.5 - Name the two membrane protein families associated...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 29CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 30CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 31CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 32CCCh. 5.6 - Prob. 33CCCh. 5.7 - Prob. 34CCCh. 5 - Using what you learned about the naming...Ch. 5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Distinguish between active transport and passive...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes are examples of...Ch. 5 - List four factors that increase the rate of...Ch. 5 - List the three physical methods by which materials...Ch. 5 - A cotransporter is a protein that moves more than...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 9RQCh. 5 - What determines the osmolarity of a solution? In...Ch. 5 - Prob. 11RQCh. 5 - Prob. 12RQCh. 5 - Prob. 13RQCh. 5 - Prob. 14RQCh. 5 - The membrane potential at which the electrical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 16RQCh. 5 - Create a map of transport across cell membranes...Ch. 5 - Draw a large rectangle to represent the total body...Ch. 5 - What factors influence the rate of diffusion...Ch. 5 - Define the following terms and explain how they...Ch. 5 - Prob. 21RQCh. 5 - Prob. 22RQCh. 5 - Prob. 23RQCh. 5 - Prob. 24RQCh. 5 - Prob. 25RQCh. 5 - Prob. 26RQCh. 5 - The following terms have been applied to membrane...Ch. 5 - Prob. 28RQCh. 5 - NaCl is a nonpenetrating solute and urea is a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 30RQCh. 5 - Prob. 31RQCh. 5 - What is the osmolarity of half-normal saline (=...Ch. 5 - Prob. 33RQCh. 5 - Prob. 34RQ
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- The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane toward solutes is called diffusion. A. True B. Falsearrow_forwardA cell with a total of 0.2 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.3 osmol/L (switched from the previous question). It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane. Answer the following true or false questions. 1. Solvent is more concentrated in the cell 2. Water will osmose out of the cell 3. The cell will shrink and may look crenated 4. Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them from dehydration caused by osmosisarrow_forwardFor the following scenario you must draw the situation depicted, indicate which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (as applicable), and then show with arrows which way water will move. Then you must write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. Ouch! Sore throat! It is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. And you have an oral presentation today. Better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! Explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosis.arrow_forward
- Cotransport is ____________ movement of water down concentration gradient using a protein channel movement of materials against their concentration gradient movement of one substance against, and one substance down their concentration gradients movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration using no protein channels movement of materials down their concentration gradient using a protein channelarrow_forwardfor the following scenario, DRAW the situation depicted, INDICATE which solution is hypertonic, hypotonic or isotonic (if applicable), and then show with ARROWS which way water will move. then write your response in complete sentences, thoroughly explaining and justifying your arrows. a. ouch! sore throat! it is so swollen that it is sore and it is difficult to swallow. and you have an oral presentation today. better gargle with salt water to reduce the swelling! explain why this age old technique really works, by using the concept of osmosisarrow_forwardSelect the best answer or answers from the choices given: A physiologist observes that the concentration of sodium inside a cell is decidedly lower than that outside the cell. Sodium diffuses easily across the plasma membrane of such cells when they are dead, but not when they are alive. What cellular function that is lacking in dead cells explains the difference? (a) osmosis, (b) diffusion, (c) active transport (solute pumping), (d) dialysis.arrow_forward
- The intracellular fluid compartment includes all water and electrolytes outside of the cell membrane. Group of answer choices True Falsearrow_forwardDescribe the difference between the rate of diffusion seen for sodium and urea. Select one: 1/Urea diffused faster because it is smaller than sodium. 2/Urea diffused more slowly because it is larger than sodium. 3/Urea diffused faster because it is larger than sodium. 4/Urea diffused more slowly because it is smaller than sodium.arrow_forwardBecause of the phospholipid cell membrane, water cannot diffuse into or out of the cell. True or falsearrow_forward
- From the list provided select the best choice to complete the sentence below. An overall property that describes the way solutes move through membranes relative to the bulk solution concentrations is A. Diffusivity B. Membrane permeabliltiy C. porosity D. Steric hindrancearrow_forwardThe osmolarity of a 1 M NaCl solution will be _______ to a 1 M solution of CaCl2. Group of answer choices hyperactive hyposmotic isosmotic hyperosmoticarrow_forwardWhen a person becomes dehydrated, the amount of water in extracellular fluids such as blood decreases, causing the solute concentration of these fluids to increase. State whether osmosis results in water entering or leaving cells.arrow_forward
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