A cell is placed in a hypertonic medium triggering its regulatory volume control mechanism. Which of the following statements best describes the main ion movement responsible for the regulatory volume control in this situation? Efflux of K+ from the cytosol. Efflux of Na+ from the cytosol. Influx of Na+ into the cytosol. Influx of K+ into the cytosol.
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A cell is placed in a hypertonic medium triggering its regulatory volume control mechanism. Which of the following statements best describes the main ion movement responsible for the regulatory volume control in this situation?
Efflux of K+ from the cytosol. |
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Efflux of Na+ from the cytosol. |
||
Influx of Na+ into the cytosol. |
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Influx of K+ into the cytosol. |
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- This cell is permeable to Urea, but not permeable to sucrose. Intracellular impermeant molecules cannot cross the plasma membrane. The bath solution is ‘infinite volume’. Bath Solution: 250 mM Sucrose 250 mM Urea Is this solution Hypoosmotic, Isoosmotic, or Hyperosmotic? Immediately after this cell is placed in the bath will it swell, shrink, or remain the same? Fill in this table for equilibrium conditions for each ion. Consider solute movement ONLY. in (mM) out (mM) Intracellular impermeants Sucrose Urea At equilibrium, will the cell swell, shrink, or remain the same volume? Is this solution hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic?When two chambers are separated by a membrane permeable to water but not solute, if water is free to move in either direction without limitation or pressure, then water will move until the concentration of solute on both sides of the chamber is equal move until there is no water on the dilute side move until there is no water on the concentrated side move until the concentration of water on both sides of the chamber is equalWhen a bacterial cell is placed in a hypotonic, environment, the cell wall restrains the pressure resulting from the greater osmolarity of the cytoplasm. (Use one word in the blank space. Spelling must be correct to earn the point. The word "osmotic" is NOT an answer that that will earn credit for this question; there is another word that is required.)
- Which of the following describe active transport or is an example of act transport of a substance across a membrane? Choose all correct answer Glucose transport into intestinal epithelial cells Glucose transport into muscle cells Na* ion pumping out and K* ion pumping into the cell Transport requires a mediator Requires input of energy for transport Movement of ligand against the concentration gradientdifference between channels and transporters is that O Only channels allow for the passage of solutes against their electrochemical gradient. OTransporters allow for a greater rate of transport across a membrane than channels do. O Only channels allow for the transport of ions. Transporters must undergo a conformational change upon binding to the solute.A cell creates a H+ gradient across a membrane- in other words, a situation is created were the concentration of H+ is higher on one side then the other of a membrane. How can this H+ concentration gradient be used to do work (that the cells needs to do)?
- The following are true statements regarding passive facilitated transport EXCEPT The process is always thermodynamically favorable. It uses the same driving force as that of active transport. The movement of solute acrosss the membrane is dictated by existing concentration or ion gradient. It requires a carrier protein which is an integral membrane protein.If a cell is placed in a solution that has the same concentration of solutes as in its cytoplasm, the solution is referred to as: O Isotonic Hypertonic O Hypotonic OsmoticPassive transport across the membrane mediated by a carrier— would not be saturated by increasing amount of substance to be transported. does not require energy (ATP). can be driven in reverse. moves the solute through the membrane in the “uphill” direction of their concentration gradient. is faster than transport mediated by channel proteins.
- Which of the following best describes a hypotonic solution? O There is a higher concentration of solute outside the cell than inside the cell There is a lower concentration of solute outside the cell than inside the cell The solute concentration both inside and outside the cell is equal O Through osmosis, water will enter the cell causing it to swell Which of the following is true regarding bulk transport? ATP is required to pump molecules against the concentration gradient Bulk transport is an example of passive transport Transport of large quantities of materials ATP changes the shape of a protein channel during active transportWhich is the proper order of permeability the following solutes would show when it moves across a semi-permeable membrane? (from most permeable to least permeable) benzene, imidazole group of histidine, galactose, potassium ions galactose, potassium ions, imidazole group of histidine, benzene benzene, potassium ions, imidazole group of histidine, galactose potassium ions, galactose, benzene, imidazole group of histidineSelect the correct statments regarding transport of molecules across the cell membrane. Non-mediated transport is susceptible to saturation of transporter/channel proteins. Channels and transporters need not use energy to transport solute down the concentration gradient. The Na+/K+ antiport takes advantage of electrochemical gradients to exchange Na+ and K+ ions across the cell membrane. Active transport via electrochemical gradients relies on the passive transport of one solute to transport a second solute against the concentration gradient. Describe the three main sources of membrane fluidity