Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 45, Problem 9TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Homeostasis is the process by which different physiological systems of the body coordinate to maintain a balanced condition in the body. This balance is in the form of well regulated
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Which of the following statements is NOT true about human growth hormone (hGH)?
Select one:
a. Excessive levels of hGH has been linked with diabetes mellitus.
b. Genetically engineered hGH has been used safely to treat dwarfism.
c. After the growth plate has sealed, increased levels of hGH results in a widening of the nose.
d. hGH is produced in the hypothalamus and secreted by anterior pituitary.
Which of the following is an example of positive feedback?
Select one:
a. Insulin stimulates cells to absorb glucose, which inhibits the release of insulin.
b. Oxytocin causes uterine contractions during childbirth, which causes more oxytocin to be released from the posterior pituitary.
c. The release of thyroxine from the thyroid causes the anterior pituitary to stop releasing TSH.
d. When calcitonin from the thyroid causes blood calcium levels to decrease, PTH is released from the parathyroid to increase blood calcium levels.
ndicate whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement or provide a briefexplanation for why it is false.a. Insulin increases the rate of glucose uptake by the tissues.b. Glucagon is the hormone that signals low blood glucose levels.c. The muscles can use glucose, fatty acids and ketone bodies for fuel.d. Epinephrine stimulates breakdown of glycogen in muscles when there is an immediate needfor energy by muscle cells.e. Glucagon stimulates glycogenolysis to maintain the blood glucose concentration.f. With high [carbohydrate] levels, excess glucose (after glycogen storage has reached amaximum) is converted to fat.g. The high potential electrons of NADH enter the respiratory chain at NADH-Q reductase.h. Ubiquinol (QH2) is also the entry point for electrons from NADH of flavoproteins.i. Cytochrome reductase catalyzes the transfer of electrons from cytochrome c to O2.
Chapter 45 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 45 - Label the parts of the following diagrams,...Ch. 45 - Compare negative and positive feedback in the...Ch. 45 - What is a tropic hormone? Give some examples.Ch. 45 - The thyroid gland produces two hormones, thyroxine...Ch. 45 - Prob. 5IQCh. 45 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 45 - What is a hormone cascade pathway? Describe how...Ch. 45 - Prob. 1TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 2TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 3TYKM
Ch. 45 - Prob. 4TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 5TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 7TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 8TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 9TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 10TYKMCh. 45 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 45 - The activation of helper T cells during an immune...Ch. 45 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 45 - Which of the following hormones is secreted by the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 45 - The anterior pituitary a. stores and releases...Ch. 45 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 18TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 19TYKCh. 45 - Prob. 20TYK
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- Which of these homeostatic mechanisms in the body are examplesof positive feedback, and which are examples of negative feedback?Why?a. The adrenal glands produce epinephrine in response to a hormone produced by the pituitary gland in times of stress; the pituitary gland senses the epinephrine in the blood and stopsproducing the hormone.b. As the bladder fills with urine, pressure sensors send messagesto the brain with increasing frequency, signaling that the bladdermust be emptied. The more the bladder fills, the more messagesare sent.c. When you drink an excess of water, specialized cells in yourbrain, as well as stretch receptors in your heart, detect theincrease in blood volume. Both signals are transmitted to thekidneys, which increase the production of urine.arrow_forwardTumors that affect the pituitary can lead to decreases in some, but not all, hormones released by the pituitary. A patient with such a tumor exhibits fatigue, weight loss, and low blood sugar. This is probably due to lack of production of a. GH, which leads to loss of muscle mass. b. ACTH, which leads to loss of production of glucocorticoids. c. TSH, which leads to loss of production of thyroxin. d. ADH, which leads to excess urine production.arrow_forwardHuman growth hormone (hGH) affects many different parts of the body. When hGH is released, it stimulates the liver to produce insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), which stimulates protein synthesis, muscle development, and bone growth, while suppressing fat storage. If hormone 3 levels increased, what would be the resulting effect on hormone 1 and 2? Select one: a. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Increase Increase b. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Decrease Decrease c. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Decrease Increase d. Hormone 1 Hormone 2 Increase Decreasearrow_forward
- which of the following scenarios can be classified as a negative feedback loop? a. increase in oxytocin caused by increased contractions b. increase in blood pressure to reduce heart rate c. increase in testosterone to help increase a fight or flight response d. increase in platelet production to help increase blood clottingarrow_forwardKetosis is not likely to occur in acromegaly because: a. GH is not lipolytic hormone b. GH inhibits beta oxidation c. GH stimulates lipoprotein lipase d. Most individuals with acromegaly have sufficient insulin production to suppress ketosis.arrow_forwardA hormone differs from a neurotransmitter in thata. hormones act extracellularly, whereas neurotransmitters act withinthe cell that synthesized them.b. hormones are released only by neurons, whereas neurotransmittersare released by many different types of cells.c. hormones cause only fast responses (seconds or less) to stimuli,whereas neurotransmitters cause slow responses (minutes to hours)to stimuli.d. hormones affect only epithelial cells, whereas neurotransmittersaffect only muscle cells.e. hormones are released into the bloodstream and can activate manycells in many parts of the body, whereas neurotransmitters arereleased by neurons and affect adjacent cells.arrow_forward
- Thyroid cancer results when the cells in the thyroid gland divide uncontrollably. Individuals who have excessive exposure to radiation may have higher chance of getting thyroid cancer. Thyroid cancer can be treated through surgery, iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. What is the purpose of prescribing thyroxine medication for patients following the surgical removal of the thyroid gland? Select one: a. to decrease TRH and increase TSH levels b. to increase TRH and TSH levels c. to decrease TRH and TSH levels d. to increase TRH and decrease TSH levelsarrow_forwardWhich of the following mechanisms could both be used by the body to increase body temperature if a person forgets a coat on a cold day? A. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. B. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid decreases metabolism. C. Superficial blood vessels dilate, and the thyroid increases metabolism. D. Superficial blood vessels constrict, and the thyroid increases metabolism.arrow_forwardA hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all the target cells in the body? A. Restate the question and record the right answer. B. Why is this the correct answer?arrow_forward
- Which of the following hormone regulates BMR? A. Insulin B. Leptin C. Calcitonin D. Thyroid hormonesarrow_forwardWhich of the following correctly describes the hormone insulin? a. It is produced by B cells in the pancreas. b. It increases glucose uptake by liver and muscle cells. c. It is a peptide hormone. d. It lowers blood glucose levels. e. All of these are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of the following manipulations could hypothetically alleviate the physiological stress response? A. Block the action of the parasympathetic nervous system. B. Apply an ACTH agonist. C. Block the action of the sympathetic nervous system. D. Increase the production of glucocorticoids.arrow_forward
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