Concept explainers
a.
To describe: The way in which the adrenal gland is signaled by the hypothalamus and represents to short-term stress.
Introduction: Stress is a biological response to a stressor such as environmental conditions, threat, challenge, or other psychological and physical barrier. The autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis are the major systems that respond to stress.
To describe: The way in which the adrenal gland is signaled by the hypothalamus and represents to long-term stress.
Introduction: The adrenal glands are paired and pyramid-shaped endocrine glands. They are located on the superior surface of the kidney. Both adrenal glands are surrounded within fat and fascia to minimize their movements. Each adrenal gland consists of two regions: adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla.
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Study Guide for Campbell Biology
- a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the body's hormonal response to long-term stress? In your answer, provide the names of the hormones released, the glands from which they are released, and the effects on the body. b) Provide 2 reasons (as discussed in class) why long-term stress is harmful to our physical health.arrow_forwardRelate the short-term stress response and the roles of norepinephrine and the adrenal glands to the sympathetic nervous system.arrow_forwardDescribe the “adrenaline rush” pathway during short-term stress. Identify the hormones produced by the adrenal medulla. What are the target organs of each hormone and the effects of each hormone on their target organs? What is the stimulus for an adrenaline rush?arrow_forward
- If a patient is hypoglycemic, which of the following physiological processes will occur in an attempt to correct this situation? A). ACTH will be released by the posterior pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal gland, B).glucocorticoid will be released by the adrenal cortex and increase serum glucose levels, C). mineralcorticoids will be released by the adrenal cortex and potentiate catecholamine effects, D). epinephrine will be secreted by the adrenal cortex in an attempt to increase blood serum glucose levels.arrow_forwardTumors of the adrenal medulla, called pheochromocytomas, cause hypersecretion of catecholamines. Describe the expected signs and symptoms of this tumor.arrow_forwardDescribe the stimulus for release, the target tissue, and the effects of the glucocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex.arrow_forward
- Discuss the interaction and functions of the Hypothalamic and Anterior Pituitary Hormones.arrow_forwardDistinguish between paracrine and endocrine effects.arrow_forwardExplain the interrelationships of the anatomy and functions of the hypothalamus and the posterior and anterior lobes of the pituitary gland.arrow_forward
- Describe the stimulus for release, the target tissue, and the effects of the mineralocorticoids secreted by the adrenal cortex.arrow_forwardNeuroendocrine glands are glands that are made up of both nervous tissue and endocrine tissue. This means that they can be directly stimulated by the nervous system to produce or release hormones. i) Identify two endocrine glands that are considered to be neuroendocrine. Be specific. ii) Describe a situation/example for each, that demonstrates this function.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning