A hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. The hormone targets specific cells in many parts of the body. Which of the following best explains a possible mechanism that would enable the hormone to efficiently reach all the target cells in the body? A. Restate the question and record the right answer. B. Why is this the correct answer?
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- Place the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.Hydrocortisone is an over-the-counter ointment commonly used to treat eczema. Eczema is a skin condition where a patch of skin becomes irritated and inflamed. It is estimated that approximately 15% of Canadians are affected by eczema at some point in their lives. The active ingredient in hydrocortisone cream is the hormone cortisol. Which of the following statements describes why hydrocortisone is an effective treatment for eczema? Select one: a. Hydrocortisone helps to fight off the skin infection by increasing the immune response. b. Hydrocortisone helps to suppress the skin inflammation by decreasing the immune response. c. Hydrocortisone helps to suppress the skin inflammation by increasing the immune response. d. Hydrocortisone helps to fight off the skin infection by decreasing the immune response.In an emergency situation, fluids are given intravenously to a patient. The fluids increase the blood volume. Increasing the blood volume can help to increase the patient’s blood pressure.A hormone in the body that increases blood pressure and the mechanism it uses to do this are, respectively Select one: a. Hormone Mechanism ADH Increases water absorption in the kidneys b. Hormone Mechanism Oxytocin Increases smooth muscle contractions c. Hormone Mechanism ADH Decreases water absorption in the kidneys d. Hormone Mechanism Oxytocin Decreases smooth muscle contractions
- Which of the following statements is truc a. Neurotransmitters must bind to a receptor to exert an action on a cell but hormones do not have to bind to a receptor to exert an action b. The nervous system effects are longer lasting than the endocrine system c. The nervous system effects are faster to respond than the endocrine system d. The nervous system releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream similar to how the endocrine system releases hormones into the bloodstreamYou work for a pharmaceutical company where you are assigned the task of creating new drug therapies to treat thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism (high levels of T3 and T4) and hypothyroidism (low levels of T3 and T4). Your team has designed a few drugs, and your job is to identify which drug(s) would be successful in treating thyroid disorders based on your knowledge of thyroid hormone synthesis. Below is the list of drugs your team designed (all of these are hypothetical drugs). Peroxidine: A drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning Cimigine: A drug that inhibits potassium/iodine cotransporter Iodimine: A drug that inhibits iodinase from functioning Aldosine: A drug that inhibits production of angiotensinogen from the liver Aldoramine: A drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter Thyromine: A drug that stimulates thyroglobulin production Identify the drug(s) that would be successful in treating hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, and explain why and how they…You work for a pharmaceutical company where you are assigned the task of creating new drug therapies to treat thyroid disorders such as hyperthyroidism (high levels of T3 and T4) and hypothyroidism (low levels of T3 and T4). Your team has designed a few drugs, and your job is to identify which drug(s) would be successful in treating thyroid disorders based on your knowledge of thyroid hormone synthesis. Below is the list of drugs your team designed (all of these are hypothetical drugs). Please identify the drug(s) that would be successful in treating hypothyroidism, and explain why and how they would be successful. Aldosine: A drug that inhibits production of angiotensinogen from the liver Aldoramine: A drug that inhibits sodium/iodine cotransporter Thyromine: A drug that stimulates thyroglobulin production Peroxidine: A drug that inhibits thyroid peroxidase from functioning Cimigine: A drug that inhibits potassium/iodine cotransporter Iodimine: A drug that inhibits iodinase from…
- which of the following happens when a therapeutic synthetic homone is introduced intno the body to treat patients natural hormone insufficiency?(select all that apply) A. The target cell responds the same way as when the hormone is natural B. the synthetic hormone has no effect on the target tissues C. the amount of natural hormone produced by the patients body declines D. the synthetic hormone is destroyed before it can have an effect on the target tissue.The term “central nervous system” is used to refer to which of the following? a. The brain and spinal cord b. The ventricles that sit at the center of the brain c. Cranial nerves that make direct connections with the brain d. Nerves leaving the spinal cord innervating axial or trunk muscles near the center of the body Which of the following hormones is released by the hypothalamus during stress? a. neuropeptide Y (NPY) b. glucocorticoids (including cortisol) c. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) d. corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; also called CRH)Identify the incorrect statement: O A. Steroid hormones, such as testosterone, are derived from cholesterol and regulate cell function by influencing transcription. O B. Melatonin is a hydrophobic steroid hormone synthesized by the pineal gland It regulates the circadian rhythm of the cell OC. Catecholamines are hydrophilic hormones synthesized from tyrosine. Therefore, membranes are barriers to them, and their receptors need to be on the extracellular surface. O D. Antidiuretic hormone is a peptide hormone that regulates fluid balance in the body O E. Thyroid hormone is a hydrophobic tyrosine derived hormone that regulates the metabolism,
- The condition hypothyroidism is characterized by a decrease in the synthesis and secretion of the chemical thyroid hormone from the thyroid gland, an organ in the neck that is part of the endocrine system. Which level of organization does not match this condition? A. The thyroid glad is regulated by others hormones from other glands in the body at an organ system level. B. The endocrine system works with the cardiovascular system to allow transporting the hormones throughout the body function at the organism level. C. At the tissue level group's of follicular cells that make the thyroid hormones form a spherical structure with a hollow interior called follicle. D. The plasma membrane of follicular cells that are found in the thyroid gland is made up of phospholipid bilayer at the tissue level.The action of steroid hormones is different from that of peptide hormones becausea. peptide hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas steroid hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.b. steroid hormones must enter the cell to begin action, whereas peptide hormones must begin action on the external surface of the cell membrane.c. peptide hormones produce a hormone receptor complex that works directly on the DNA, whereas steroid hormones cause the release of a secondary messenger that triggers enzymes.d. None of these answers is correct.Grave's disease is caused by the overproduction of immunoglobulins that mimic the shape of TSH and thereby bind to the TSH receptors. What is the expected hormonal change to the overproduction of TSH mimicking immunoglobulins? Select one: a. a decrease in the production of TSH, leading to a decrease in the metabolic rate b. an increase in metabolic rate, leading to a decrease in the production of TRH c. a decrease in metabolic rate, leading to an increase in the production of TSH d. an increase in the production of TRH, leading to an increase in the metabolic rate