Chapter 35, Problem 27A

Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Human body requires glucose, fats, and proteins as the fuel that comes from the diet we intake. There are a number of different hormones involved in the food metabolism including pancreatic, digestive, and intestinal hormones. The regulation of blood glucose levels is majorly done by endocrine hormones secreted by the pancreas, with an efficiently working feedback loop. The main hormones of the pancreas that affect blood glucose levels include insulin, somatostatin, amylin, and glucagon.

Answer to Problem 27A

Correct answer:

The correct answer is option (C) Glucagon.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (C) Glucagon. Glucagon is a peptide hormone that is secreted from the alpha cells of the pancreas. Glucagon raises blood pressure by stimulating the liver to perform glycolysis and digesting glucagon causing the release of glucose in the blood circulation. So, the correct answer is option (C).

The explanation for the incorrect answer:

Option (A) Antidiuretic hormone(ADH). ADH is secreted by the pituitary gland and regulates the amount of water in the blood by the reabsorption from the filtrate in nephrons. It does not affect the blood glucose concentration so, this is an incorrect answer.

Option (B) Growth hormone. The human growth hormone is secreted by the pituitary gland and is responsible for the long bones and muscles. Thus, is not related to the blood sugar level making it an incorrect option.

Option (D) Insulin. Insulin is a peptide hormone that is estimated to play the central role in the anabolism of the body and is produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets. Insulin manages the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein by improving the absorption of glucose from the blood into the liver, fat, and skeletal muscle cells. Then it is converted into either glycogen by glycogenesis or fats through lipogenesis. Insulin works exactly opposite the glucagon and decreases the blood glucose level so, this is an incorrect option.