When studying living cells in a laboratory, researchers sometimes use drugs as a way to cause cells to remain in a particular phase of the cell cycle. For example, aphidicolin inhibits DNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells and causes them to remain in the
A. A drug that inhibits microtubule formation
B. A drug that allows microtubules to form but prevents them from shortening
C. A drug that inhibits cytokinesis
D. A drug that prevents chromosomal condensation
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Genetics: Analysis and Principles
- The cell cycle control system is a cycling set of molecules in the cell that triggers and coordinates key events in the cell cycle. This is all controlled by growth factors. a) Identify the major checkpoints in a cell and its function. b)Explain the role of the growth factor.arrow_forwardExamine the picture of an onion root tip with cells in various stages of the cell cycle. A student claims that interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle. Another student claims that mitosis is the longest stage. Using evidence from the photo, determine which student is correct and why A)mitosis is the longest stage because anaphase requires more time to separate chromatids B) interphase is the longest stage because chromosomes are visible in the majority of the cells C) mitosis is the longest stage because the majority of the cells in the photo are replicating their dna D) interphase is the longest stage because the majority of the cells in the photo have uncondensed chromatin and are not dividingarrow_forwardIf the most basic function of the cell cycle is to accurately duplicate the DNA in the chromosomes and distribute the copies precisely to the daughter cells, why are there gaps between S-phase and M-phase?arrow_forward
- Draw a diagram of the cell cycle and label the phases. On your diagram: a) For each phase, indicate whether the chromosomes are condensed or not. b) Indicate the phase(s) when it is possible to do a karyotype c) Indicate the phase-transition(s) where the cell would arrest if you add hydroxyurea.arrow_forwardExplain why we can say that M-phase of the cell-cycle is triggered by a positive feedback loop. a) What would the consequences be if cohesins were working normally but condensins were not? and b) what stage of the cell cycle would this cause problems in? Why is it important for the centrosome to duplicate during G1-G2 (interphase) before M phase? The kinetochores serve as a link between the sister chromatids and the microtubules attached to the mitotic spindle. a) How are microtubules still able to exhibit dynamic instability after they are bound to the sister chromatids and b) why is this important to mitosis? As the name suggests, the Anaphase-promoting-complex (APC), promotes the 4th phase of mitosis by separating the sister chromatids so they can travel to separate poles of the cell, and prevents them from being re-zipped together. Describe how APC does these two things (Hint: one involves M-cyclin and the other involves…arrow_forwardWhich phases of the cell cycle is generally the longest in the cells of a mature eukaryote? What steps make it longest phase?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is true with respect to cyclins and CDKs? A) CDKs promote progression of the cell cycle, cyclins function to inhibit progression of the cell cycle B) CDKs are the checkpoints in the cell cycle, and when bound to cyclins, they stop progression of the cell cycle C) CDKs will only work to promote progression of the cell cycle when complexed with their designated cyclins D) CDKs are rarely expressed during a cell's cycle, unless cyclins are present to act as transcription factors .arrow_forward1) what is meant by “there is no such thing as a typical cell?” 2) which part of the cell cycle does the cell spend the least amount of time in? Why do u think that is? 3) why would a cell ever want to destroy itself? 4) how long does a cell live before it undergoes mitosis? 5) if cells can constantly replace themselves, why is a heart attack (which kills cardiac muscle cells) so devastating? 6) what type of cells never undergo mitosis? 7) what makes stem cells particularly interesting to researchers? 8) how might stem cells be used to repair brain or heart damage, even though these cells do not undergo mitosis? 9) why do you think beauty experts would also be interested in stem cells? 10) what is the connection between cancer and mitosis? 11) why is it so difficult for your body to battle cancer? 12) why does you hair fall out of the chemotherapy?arrow_forwardScientists are able to isolate cells in various phases of the cell cycle. During an experiment in which Dr. Patrick McGroyn is causing cultured tumor cells to go through mitotic cell division, he isolates a group of cells that contain one and a half times more DNA than cells isolated in the G1 phase have. What phase must these cells be in? How do you know?arrow_forward
- 4) Describe in detail how p53 and MDM2 regulate cell division in a normal, healthy cell. You should describe 1) how these proteins cooperate to allow a cell to go through the cell cycle, 2) how they cooperate to stop the cell cycle, and 3) how they allow the cell cycle to continue again after having stopped it initially. You may use point form if you want.arrow_forwardDiscuss the cell cycle with the aid of a diagram. 6-8 hours INTERPHASE Sphase DNA I replicated 6-10 hours G, phase Cell metabolically active; duplicates organelles and cytosolic components starts replicating G, phase Cell growth continues enzymes and other proteins are synthesized and replication of centrosomes is completed 46 hours Exit from cell cycle nondividing cell) centrosomes. MITOTIC (M) PHASE Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophasearrow_forwardWhen studying living cells in a laboratory, researchers sometimesuse drugs as a way to make cells remain at a particular stage of thecell cycle. For example, aphidicolin is an antibiotic that inhibitsDNA synthesis in eukaryotic cells and causes them to remain inthe G1 phase because they cannot replicate their DNA. In whatphase of the cell cycle—G1, S, G2, prophase, metaphase, anaphase,or telophase—would you expect somatic cells to stay if they weretreated with each of the following types of drug?A. A drug that inhibits microtubule formationB. A drug that allows microtubules to form but prevents them fromshorteningC. A drug that inhibits cytokinesisD. A drug that prevents chromosomal condensationarrow_forward
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