Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 5EQ
Occasionally during meiosis, a mistake can happen whereby a gamete may receive zero or two sex chromosomes rather than one. Bridges made a cross between white-eyed female flies and red-eyed male flies. As you would expect, most of the offspring were red-eyed females and white-eyed males. On rare occasions, however, he found a white-eyed female or a red-eyed male. These rare flies were not due to new gene mutations, but instead were due to mistakes during meiosis in the parent flies. Consider the mechanism of sex determination in fruit flies and propose how this could happen. In your answer, describe the sex chromosome composition of the rare flies.
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Occasionally during meiosis, a mistake can happen whereby a gametemay receive zero or two sex chromosomes rather than one. Bridgesmade a cross between white-eyed female flies and red-eyed male flies.As you would expect, most of the offspring were red-eyed femalesand white-eyed males. On rare occasions, however, he found a whiteeyed female or a red-eyed male. These rare flies were not due to newgene mutations, but instead were due to mistakes during meiosis inthe parent flies. Consider the mechanism of sex determination in fruitflies and propose how this could happen. In your answer, describe thesex chromosome composition of the rare flies
One reason that worker bees forgo their own reproduction to help their sister (the queen) reproduce is that female bees are more closely related to their sisters than they are to their own offspring. This quirk of genetics results from the fact that bees have haplodiploid sex determination, in which females are diploid, with a mother and a father, but males are haploid, developing from unfertilized eggs. Because males are haploid, they produce sperm by mitosis. Explainwhy haplodiploid sex determination causes females to be more closely related to their sisters than to their offspring.
The chromosomes in the illustration below are found in a male betta fish and carry the
gene for determining a trait in the tail of the betta fish. In betta fish, single tails are domi-
nant to double tails. During meiosis, when gametes are formed, the male fish can only pass
on one allele for the tail trait to each gamete. In a male fish that happens to be heterozy-
gous, a gamete can only inherit the dominant allele on chromosome 1 or the dominant al-
lele on chromosome 2.
A
An illustration of paired homologous chromosomes.
B
centromere
с
D
Which of Mendel's laws best explains how the male fish can only pass on one allele to each gamete?
paired homologous chromosomes
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Segregation
Law of Dominance
chiasma
Law of multiple alleles
homologous
chromosome 1
homologous
chromosome 2
Chapter 3 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 3.1 - 1. Which of the following is not found in a...Ch. 3.1 - When preparing a karyotype, which of the following...Ch. 3.1 - How many sets of chromosomes are found in a human...Ch. 3.2 - Binary fission a. is a form of asexual...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 3.2 - What critical event occurs during the S phase of...Ch. 3.3 - 1. What is the function of the kinetochore during...Ch. 3.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 3.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 3.4 - Which phase of meiosis is depicted in the drawing...
Ch. 3.5 - In animals, a key difference between...Ch. 3.5 - Which of the following statements regarding plants...Ch. 3.6 - Which of the following is not one of the tenets of...Ch. 3.6 - A pea plant has the genotype TtRr. The independent...Ch. 3.6 - In mammals, sex is determined by a. the SRY gene...Ch. 3.6 - An abnormal fruit fly has two sets of autosomes...Ch. 3 - The process of binary fission begins with a single...Ch. 3 - 2. What is a homolog? With regard to genes and...Ch. 3 - What is a sister chromatid? Are sister chromatids...Ch. 3 - With regard to sister chromatids, which phase of...Ch. 3 - A species is diploid and has three chromosomes per...Ch. 3 - How does the attachment of kinetochore...Ch. 3 - 7. For the following events, specify whether they...Ch. 3 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 3 - A cell is diploid and contains three chromosomes...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10CONQCh. 3 - A eukaryotic cell is diploid and contains 10...Ch. 3 - Prob. 12CONQCh. 3 - 13. A cell has four pairs of chromosomes. Assuming...Ch. 3 - 14. With regard to question C13, how would the...Ch. 3 - Eukaryotic cells must sort their chromosomes...Ch. 3 - Why is it necessary for the chromosomes to...Ch. 3 - Nine-banded armadillos almost always give birth to...Ch. 3 - 18. A diploid species has four chromosomes per set...Ch. 3 - 19. Explain why the products of meiosis may not be...Ch. 3 - The period between meiosis I and meiosis II is...Ch. 3 - 21. List several ways in which telophase appears...Ch. 3 - Corn has 10 chromosomes per set, and the...Ch. 3 - The arctic fox has 50 chromosomes (25 per set),...Ch. 3 - 24. Let’s suppose that a gene affecting...Ch. 3 - 25. Describe the cellular differences between male...Ch. 3 - 26. At puberty, the testes contain a finite number...Ch. 3 - Describe the timing of meiosis I and II during...Ch. 3 - 28. Three genes (A, B, and C) are found on three...Ch. 3 - A woman with an abnormally long chromosome 13 (and...Ch. 3 - Assuming that such a fly would be viable, what...Ch. 3 - 31. What would be the sex of a human with each of...Ch. 3 - When studying living cells in a laboratory,...Ch. 3 - 2. In Morgan’s experiments, which result do you...Ch. 3 - 3. In his original studies of Figure 3.18, Morgan...Ch. 3 - How would you set up crosses to determine if a...Ch. 3 - 5. Occasionally during meiosis, a mistake can...Ch. 3 - Lets suppose that you have made a karyotype of a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 7EQCh. 3 - 8. White-eyed flies have a lower survival rate...Ch. 3 - A rare form of dwarfism that also included hearing...Ch. 3 - 10. Discuss why crosses (i.e., the experiments of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 11EQCh. 3 - 12. Experimentally, how do you think researchers...Ch. 3 - 1. In Figure 3.18, Morgan obtained a white-eyed...Ch. 3 - 3. Discuss the principles of the chromosome theory...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Rainbow trout go through a unique genetic reproductive process. Female eggs are diploid, while male sperm are haploid. In the wild, when the sperm fertilizes an egg, the extra set of chromosomes is kicked out, resulting in a diploid offspring.Triploid trout are produced in the lab to provide sterile fish stock for lakes. Shortly after the eggs are fertilized, scientists place them in a warm water bath to prevent the extra chromosomes from being removed. The result is a triploid fish that cannot reproduce.Rainbow Trout: n = 30Select the row that correctly shows the ploidy for the trout at different reproductive stages. Select one: a. Female Egg Male Sperm Offspring Produced in wild Offspring Produced in lab n = 30 2n = 60 3n = 90 2n = 60 b. Female Egg Male Sperm Offspring Produced in wild Offspring Produced in lab 2n = 60 n = 30 2n = 60 2n = 60 c. Female Egg Male Sperm Offspring Produced in wild Offspring Produced in lab 2n = 60 n = 30…arrow_forwardWhen Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation includedboth red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation forthis result? a. The gene involved is on the X chromosomeb. The gene involved is on the Y chromosomec. The gene involved is on an autosome, but only in malesd. Other male-specific factors influence eye color in fruit fliese. None of these is correctarrow_forwardRainbow trout go through a unique genetic reproductive process. Female eggs are diploid, while male sperm are haploid. In the wild, when the sperm fertilizes an egg, the extra set of chromosomes is kicked out, resulting in a diploid offspring.Triploid trout are produced in the lab to provide sterile fish stock for lakes. Shortly after the eggs are fertilized, scientists place them in a warm water bath to prevent the extra chromosomes from being removed. The result is a triploid fish that cannot reproduce.Rainbow Trout: n = 30 Global warming is an issue affecting many species around the world. Warming has caused the temperatures in lakes and rivers to increase and stay elevated for longer periods of time. Select the FOUR numbers that describe the possible effects of global warming on the reproduction of rainbow trout in the wild and on biodiversity. The extra set of chromosomes remains. The extra set of chromosomes is removed. The offspring are diploid (2n). The offspring are triploid…arrow_forward
- Mutations in genes that affect meiosis have been identified in many different model organisms. Most of these mutations result in aneuploidy of more than a single chromosome and are nearly sterile. Explain why this is the case.arrow_forwardGenes A and B are on different chromosomes. An individual has the genotype: AaBb You sequence two gametes produced by this individual and find one gamete has the genotype AB, and one has the genotype Ab. How can this one individual (genotype AaBb) produce two gametes with different genotypes (AB or Ab)? Your answer should describe a specific process which occurs during meiosis. At what stage of meiosis does this process occur?arrow_forwardWhen Thomas Hunt Morgan crossed his red-eyed F1 generation flies to each other, the F2 generation included both red- and white-eyed flies. Remarkably, all the white-eyed flies were male. What was the explanation for this result? O The gene involved is on an autosome, but only in males. O The gene involved is on the X chromosome. O The gene involved is on the Y chromosome.arrow_forward
- Person A has a mutation in a chromosome in a liver cell, while person B has a mutation in a chromosome ina sperm cell. Explain which mutation is most likely to be harmful to the offspring of each of these individuals.arrow_forwardOn rare occasions, people are born with a condition known as uniparental disomy. It happens when an individual inherits both copies of achromosome from one parent and no copies from the other parent. Thisoccurs when two abnormal gametes happen to complement each otherto produce a diploid zygote. For example, an abnormal sperm thatlacks chromosome 15 could fertilize an egg that contains two copies ofchromosome 15. In this situation, the individual has maternal uniparental disomy 15 because both copies of chromosome 15 were inheritedfrom the mother. Alternatively, an abnormal sperm with two copies ofchromosome 15 could fertilize an egg with no copies. This is known aspaternal uniparental disomy 15. If a female is born with paternal uniparental disomy 15, would you expect her to be phenotypically normal,have Angelman syndrome (AS), or have Prader-Willi syndrome(PWS)? Explain. Would you expect her to produce normal offspring oroffspring affected with AS or PWS?arrow_forwardA female Drosophila with the mutant phenotype 'notched wings' was mated to a wild type male. Two-thirds of the progeny were female. Half of the females had notched wings and the other half had wild type wings and all the male progeny had wild type wings. When the notched progeny were mated to their wild type brothers, the same results were obtained. Explain.arrow_forward
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