The way how the actin and myosin proteins interact during the ameboid movement. Introduction: A crucial characteristic of animals is movement. Animal movement takes place in various forms in animal tissues, for example, movements of skeletal muscles. However, most animal movements are based on a single fundamental mechanism such as contractile proteins.

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 29, Problem 11RQ

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way how the actin and myosin proteins interact during the ameboid movement.

Introduction: A crucial characteristic of animals is movement. Animal movement takes place in various forms in animal tissues, for example, movements of skeletal muscles. However, most animal movements are based on a single fundamental mechanism such as contractile proteins.

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An unexpected discovery from studies of ameboid movement is that the same proteins found in the contractile system of animal muscle—actin and myosin—are present in ameboid cells. Explain how these and other proteins interact during ameboid movement.

Certain multi-headed myosins bind cooperatively to actin filaments. The binding interaction is mainly electrostatic in nature, so the presence of additional salt (ions) in solution can interfere with binding; ions will tend to associate with charged residues on the two proteins, blocking electrostatic attractions that would otherwise take place. Briefly describe the expected shape of the binding curve for one of these myosins, and what will happen to the shape when the salt concentration increases.

As mentioned in class, one additional major use of ATP in skeletal muscle (besides powering the myosin heads) is the recycling of calcium ions back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum after depolarization. The resting concentration of Ca++ in the muscle cell cytoplasm is about 50-100 nM, and the spike concentration after depolarization is about 10-20 μΜ. a) Consider a single sarcomere. What is the number of free calcium ions within the sarcomere at rest? What is the number of free calcium ions after depolarization? b) The major ion pump responsible for calcium ion recycling is SERCA (sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase). SERCA uses one molecule of ATP to pump two calcium ions, and the resting level can be restored in about 10-20 ms. How many molecules of ATP are used in a single sarcomere for pumping calcium in a single "twitch"? c) Assume that a single "twitch" is sufficient to drive one sarcomere from its fully extended length (about 2.5 µm) to its fully contracted length (about 1…

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 29, Problem 11RQ

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way how the actin and myosin proteins interact during the ameboid movement.

Introduction: A crucial characteristic of animals is movement. Animal movement takes place in various forms in animal tissues, for example, movements of skeletal muscles. However, most animal movements are based on a single fundamental mechanism such as contractile proteins.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 29, Problem 11RQ

Summary Introduction

To explain: The way how the actin and myosin proteins interact during the ameboid movement.

Introduction: A crucial characteristic of animals is movement. Animal movement takes place in various forms in animal tissues, for example, movements of skeletal muscles. However, most animal movements are based on a single fundamental mechanism such as contractile proteins.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 29, Problem 11RQ

Summary Introduction