Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 29, Problem 6RQ
Summary Introduction
To explain: The way by which the structure of the bone allows this remodeling to happen.
Introduction: Bone remodeling is a process where the mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton through a process known as resorption and a new bone tissue is formed by a process called ossification.
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a) Describe age-associated changes in human bone and their consequences in terms of physiological function
b) Discuss how keeping physically active may help to maintain physiological function in human bone during the ageing process
Bone gains its rigidity from brick‑hard deposits amidst living cells. Yet we cannot build a large stone skyscraper from a small stone house without breaking the house apart. Yet our bones grow from small hard bones to large hard bones without ever breaking apart into soft vulnerable tissue. How is that accomplished?
In this type of ossification mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and begin to differentiate into specialized cells that form a template of the future bone. Ossification of flat bones begins as mesenchymal cells form a template of the future bone. They then differentiate into osteoblasts at the ossification center. Osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the surface of the spongy bone. The process depicted in the description above and on this slide is (check all that apply):
Chapter 29 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 29 - The arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between epidermis and dermis in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3RQCh. 29 - As naked apes humans lack the protective...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5RQCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - What is the difference between endochondral and...Ch. 29 - Discuss the role of osteoclasts, osteoblasts,...Ch. 29 - The laws of scaling tell us that doubling the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - Prob. 12RQCh. 29 - What functional features of molluscan smooth...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14RQCh. 29 - While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was...Ch. 29 - The filaments of skeletal muscle are moved by free...Ch. 29 - During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted...Ch. 29 - A weight lifter decides to go jogging with a...
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- In the final stage of bone repair some of the osseous tissue must be broken down and removed. What term is used to define breaking down osseous tissue? Which bone cell would be best suited for this task? The extra cellular matrix (ECM) of bone is considered to be a composite material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the matrix? How does the cell you described in question #8 break down this matrix?arrow_forwardIn this type of ossification mesenchymal cells in the embryonic skeleton gather together and begin to differentiate into specialized cells that form a template of the future bone. Ossification of flat bones begins as mesenchymal cells form a template of the future bone. They then differentiate into osteoblasts at the ossification center. Osteoblasts secrete the extracellular matrix and deposit calcium, which hardens the matrix. The non-mineralized portion of the bone or osteoid continues to form around blood vessels, forming spongy bone. Connective tissue in the matrix differentiates into red bone marrow in the fetus. The spongy bone is remodeled into a thin layer of compact bone on the surface of the spongy bone. The process depicted in the description above and on this slide is (check all that apply): intermembranous ossification endomembrane ossification intramembranous ossification red bone marrow formationarrow_forwardSelect ALL of the following that describe cartilage in general. a. Covers long bones b. Both collagen and elastic fibers c. Living cells found in small "pockets" of the matrix d. Only collagen fibers e. Semi-rigid ground substancesarrow_forward
- The extra cellular matrix (ECM) of bone is considered to be a composite material made up of organic and inorganic matter. What makes up the organic and inorganic portions of the matrix? How does the cell you described in question #8 break down this matrix?arrow_forwardA bone such as your humerus or your femur is a metabolically active and live organ. Explain how proper exercise and adequate nutrition can strengthen the growth of a bone? name one body area where a strong needle can be inserted to extract biopsy samples of red bone marrow. why?arrow_forward1). Embryonic growth of the femur. What cell will this process start with? 2). What type of cartilage growth begins with this type of cell? 3). These cells, which are found at the perimeter, will divide to produce what kind of cell? 4). Once it is sorrounded by matrix it becomes a? 5). What process causes the cartilage model to grow length? 6). What type of cell starts this process? 7). The models for the long bones, including the femur develop between 8 and 12 weeks gestation. What type of tissue is this model? 8). After 12 weeks, the cartilage model begins to calcify it's process called? 9). This process starts in the future diaphysis of the bone. Here, chondrocytes get larger meaning they start to and eat away the cartilage matrix is?arrow_forward
- Which of the following choices is NOT correct? A. The storage of calcium is an important function of the skeletal system B. The canal that runs through the core of each Haversian system contains blood vessels and nerves C. Osteoclast are large multinucleate cells that are derived from monocyte–macrophage lineage cells D. Osteogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that causes increased bone fractures and collagen defects E. Osteogenic cells (stem cells) in endosteum, periosteum or central canals give rise to new osteoclastarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about bone tissue is/are TRUE? Group of answer choices a. Spiraling collagen fibers gives bone its tremendous resistance to torsional forces. b. Concentric rings of bone matrix, called lamellae, compose an osteon. c. Bone marrow occurs within the spongy bone and in a central medullary cavity. d. The epiphyseal plate of long bones close during fetal development. e. Calcium phosphate salts crystallize to form the inorganic part of bone. f. Osteoblasts are immature, bone-forming cells. g. Bones are classified by shape: long, short, irregular, or flat. h. The trabeculae of compact bone are arranged in parallel units along the long axis.arrow_forwardBone is not the primary tissue that is formed within the skeletal system despite being mostly bone tissue when born and of course throughout our lives. What tissue serves as a model on which to form the mineral matrix that creates bone? A. Epithelial tissue B. Dense connective tissue C. Cartilage tissue D. Muscle tissuearrow_forward
- All of the following are functions of cartilage except a. cartilage serves as a site for hemopoiesis. b. cartilage provides support for soft tissue. c. cartilage forms the initial model in endochondral ossification. d. cartilage provides a smooth gliding surface at the end of bones in freely movable joints.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is/are not found in the matrix of cartilage but is/are found in bone, respectively? lacunae and central canal chondrocytes and blood vessels calcium and collagen O nerve cells and blood vesselsarrow_forwardIf bleached human bones found lying in the desert were carefully examined, would osteons be present? How about osteocytes and a marrow cavity?arrow_forward
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