Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 29, Problem 15RQ
While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was first described by nineteenth-century microscopists, its true significance was not appreciated until its intricate structure was revealed much later by the electron microscope. What could you tell a nineteenth-century microscopist to enlighten him or her about the structure of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and its role in the coupling of excitation and contraction?
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Skeletal muscle fibres are very metabolically active and are adapted to create a lot of ATP from aerobic cellular respiration. Additionally, cells require other things to stay alive.
Explain how the following three organ systems contribute to allowing a muscle cell to carry out its roles:
a) Respiratory system
b) Cardiovascular system
c) Gastrointestinal system
asap please.
If you were to watch muscle tissue contract:
Under a light microscope, would you see the muscle fibers get narrower, or the striations get thinner? Explain.
At the EM level, focusing on one sarcomere, you would be able to see a region of thick filaments overlapping two regions of thin filaments. Use the structure of the thick filaments to explain how ONE region of thick filaments is able to pull in microfilament in two opposite directions (both toward the center of the sarcomere).
One of the primary characteristics of all muscle tissue is contractility, the ability to shorten
(contract) and lengthen (relax). You've identified the various components of a myofibril above.
Now, use the table below to indicate what occurs to each band, line, or zone when the muscle
contracts vs. relaxes.
What occurs to this region / structure during contraction/relaxation?
Region / Structure
A-Band
H-Band
I-Band
M-Line
Z-Line
Zone of Overlap
Sarcomere
No change
Shortens
Lengthens
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Relaxation
Chapter 29 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 29 - The arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between epidermis and dermis in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3RQCh. 29 - As naked apes humans lack the protective...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5RQCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - What is the difference between endochondral and...Ch. 29 - Discuss the role of osteoclasts, osteoblasts,...Ch. 29 - The laws of scaling tell us that doubling the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - Prob. 12RQCh. 29 - What functional features of molluscan smooth...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14RQCh. 29 - While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was...Ch. 29 - The filaments of skeletal muscle are moved by free...Ch. 29 - During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted...Ch. 29 - A weight lifter decides to go jogging with a...
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- Skeletal muscle has several distinct fiber types. Type I is used primarily for aerobic activity, whereas type IIb is specialized for short, intense bursts of activity. How could you distinguish between these types of muscle fiber if you viewed them with an electron microscope?arrow_forwardSkeletal muscle cells undergo contractions based on a molecular mechanism involving: 1)the sliding of actin and myosin filaments past each other without any change in filament length 2) the shortening of actin filaments following direct interaction with myosin 3) dynamic instability of microtubules 4)nonearrow_forwardFast twitch muscle fibers are characterized by all of the following EXCEPT: a) fatigue resistant O b) direct relationship to the anaerobic energy system O c) rapid contraction O d) used in sprintingarrow_forward
- a) At what time point would a muscle begin to fatigue? Comment on the percentage decrease in contraction force by the end of a stimulus. b) Provide a possible mechanism for why would a muscle won't be able to maintain a prolonged contraction. c) Would the results be different if it was from smooth muscle tissue? Why?arrow_forwardIf a muscle cell had very short T-tubules, how much tension would the muscle fiber create, relative to a normal muscle fiber? Assume sarcoplasmic reticulum can still react to activity at the neuromuscular junction. a)Less tension would be created. b) No difference in tension creation. c) More tension would be created. d) No tension would be created.arrow_forwardWhich of the following regions of a sarcomere at rest is characterized by the presence of myosin only? a) A band b) H zone c) I band d) Z linearrow_forward
- What is the role of calcium in muscle contractions? Multiple Choice a) To spread the action potential through the T-tubules b) To bind with troponin, changing its shape so that binding sites on the actin filament are exposed c) To transmit the action potential across the neuromuscular junction d) To re-establish the polarization of the plasma's membrane following an action potential e) To break the cross-bridges as a cofactor in the hydrolysis of ATParrow_forward23) which of the following is true about skeletal muscle? a) they depend entirely on anaerobic methods to make energy b) they lack a smooth endoplasmic reticulum c) they have no mitochondria d) they have multiple nucleiarrow_forwardWhy do skeletal muscle fibers appear striated when viewed through a light microscope?arrow_forward
- Can you match the sacromere anatomy with the proper answer from the list below the table graph? Sarcomere Anatomy Description/Reaction Thin Filaments ? Thick Filaments ? A Band ? I Band ? M Line ? H Zone ? Z Disc ? A) G-Actin, F-Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin B) Myosin C) Bisected by the M Line, this area shows only the thick filaments without any thin filamentous overlap D) The point of origin for myosin filaments found in the center of the sarcomere E) An area in the center of the sarcomere marked by the entire length of the thick filaments F) A space between sarcomeres with the z-disc in the center; this region shows Actin's anchorage points and extension without myosin overlap G) Anchoring point for the thin filamentsarrow_forward20) which of following is true regarding skeletal muscle cells? a) All of these are properties of skeletal muscle cells b) they are striated c) they have many mitochondria d) they contain multiple nucleiarrow_forwardCardiac and skeletal muscle are both “striated” types of muscle and yet they have very distinct functional characteristics. a) Skeletal muscle functions as discrete motor units and the cardiac muscle works as a functional syncytium. Define the italicized terms in the previous sentence, explain their importance, and describe the cellular features that underlie these functional differences. b) Cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity, while excitation of skeletal muscle is neurogenic. Define the italicized terms and provide a brief explanation of mechanisms underlying each.arrow_forward
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