Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 29, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The process to modify the definition of a hydrostatic skeleton to apply it to a muscular hydrostat.
Introduction: Skeletons are considered as a supportive system that confers firmness to the body and protects the bodily organs and surfaces of muscular attachments. A bone is a supportive and connective tissue that serves several binding and weight-bearing functions.
Summary Introduction
To give: Examples for the hydrostat skeleton and muscular hydrostat.
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Hydrostatic skeletons have been defined as a mass of fluid enclosed within a muscular wall. How would you modify this definition to apply it to a muscular hydrostat? Offer examples of both a hydro-static skeleton and a muscular hydrostat.
Two skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?
Name the stages of sliding filaments in order. Briefly explain each.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
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Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - Prob. 12RQCh. 29 - What functional features of molluscan smooth...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14RQCh. 29 - While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was...Ch. 29 - The filaments of skeletal muscle are moved by free...Ch. 29 - During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted...Ch. 29 - A weight lifter decides to go jogging with a...
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- Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardOutline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer: - Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions. - Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'arrow_forwardOutline the role of calcium ions on muscle contraction during a biceps curl. In your answer: A) Describe the role of the nervous system in stimulating the release of calcium ions. b) Outline the role calcium ions play in the 'sliding filament theory?'arrow_forward
- In an isometric contraction, how can the muscle stay the same length when the muscle is contracting? Can choose more than one - The muscle is not able to generate more (or the same amount) force than the load, preventing shortening of the muscle. - Calcium stops entering the sarcoplasm when the desired length is reached. - Elastic elements of the muscle stretch in response to the contraction of the muscle, so that the muscle stays the same size despite shortening sarcomeres. - The myosin heads detach from actin when they reach the desired length.arrow_forwardComplete the following analogies: Troponin is to skeletal muscle as tropomyosin is to smooth muscle Neuromuscular junction is to skeletal muscle as striations is to smooth muscle Oxidative metabolism is to slow twitch fibers as sliding filament theory is to fast twitch fibers if it is wrong let me know what might be the correct answer.arrow_forwardCalmodulin is found in smooth muscle cells and performs a similar function to troponin in striated muscle fibers. However, calmodulin not only gets activated by Ca2+ but also slows the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. How might this difference relate to the different kinds of contractions smooth muscles do in comparison to striated muscles?arrow_forward
- What are the components of a neuromuscular junction? Describe its role. Discuss the steps in the activation of a muscle to contract.arrow_forwardUsing the sliding filament theory, explain (or draw) the process of sarcomere shortening. Start from the point where calcium would interact with troponin. Make sure to discuss the roles of actin, myosin, and ATP.arrow_forwardDo both smooth and skeletal muscles use the sliding filament theory?arrow_forward
- Can you match the sacromere anatomy with the proper answer from the list below the table graph? Sarcomere Anatomy Description/Reaction Thin Filaments ? Thick Filaments ? A Band ? I Band ? M Line ? H Zone ? Z Disc ? A) G-Actin, F-Actin, Troponin, Tropomyosin B) Myosin C) Bisected by the M Line, this area shows only the thick filaments without any thin filamentous overlap D) The point of origin for myosin filaments found in the center of the sarcomere E) An area in the center of the sarcomere marked by the entire length of the thick filaments F) A space between sarcomeres with the z-disc in the center; this region shows Actin's anchorage points and extension without myosin overlap G) Anchoring point for the thin filamentsarrow_forwardEach of the pairs of phrases below describe steps during skeletal muscie contraction. The 2nd phrase should take place after the 1st phrase. Which of the pairs of phrases is out of order? muscle cell action potential leads to neurotransmitter release motor neuron action potential leads to muscle cell action potential sarcolemma depolarization leads to an increase in cytosolic calcium rise in cytosolic calcium leads to cross bridge cyclearrow_forward5) What happens if ATP is not available in the sliding filament theory? When is the maximum force generated and why/how? Why could it be beneficial for maximum force to be generated at that point?arrow_forward
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