Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 29, Problem 9RQ
The laws of scaling tell us that doubling the length of an animal will increase its weight eightfold, while the force its bones can bear increases only fourfold. What solutions to this problem have evolved that allow animals to become large, while maintaining bone stresses within margins of safety?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Explain how the three different skeletal system types
can be used to create locomotion in animals. Can all
three skeletal systems be used for locomotion in each
environment (water, land, air)? Why or why not?
Most land animals with exoskeletons are smaller than the volume of a mouse, and most vertebrates are larger than a mouse (marine invertebrates can be somewhat bigger). What keeps an insect with an exoskeleton from being as big as a horse?
Which of the following is not a true statement comparing exoskeletons and endoskeletons? a. Endoskeletons can support larger organisms. b. Only endoskeletons can grow as an organism grows. c. Exoskeletons provide greater protection of the internal organs. d. Exoskeletons provide less mechanical leverage.
Chapter 29 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 29 - The arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between epidermis and dermis in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3RQCh. 29 - As naked apes humans lack the protective...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5RQCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - What is the difference between endochondral and...Ch. 29 - Discuss the role of osteoclasts, osteoblasts,...Ch. 29 - The laws of scaling tell us that doubling the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - Prob. 12RQCh. 29 - What functional features of molluscan smooth...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14RQCh. 29 - While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was...Ch. 29 - The filaments of skeletal muscle are moved by free...Ch. 29 - During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted...Ch. 29 - A weight lifter decides to go jogging with a...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How does the interaction between bones, muscles, and joints contribute to the overall stability, range of motion, and mechanical efficiency of the human skeletal system, and how do these factors influence athletic performance and the risk of musculoskeletal injuries?arrow_forward“Form reflects function” is a statement that applies to the skeletal system. What evidence can you provide from your lab work that differences in the skeletons of a frog and human are related to locomotor function? In a bat compared to a human? Provide at least two pieces of evidence for each comparison.arrow_forwardA study of muscle fibers between chimpanzees and humans revealed that although muscle mass per body size are approximately equivalent, the ratio of red (slow) and white (fast) fibers were significantly different. Chimps tend to have a ratio of 30% red to 70% white where humans are 60/40 respectively. Speculate about what this ratio difference means in terms of muscle activity potential and a possible evolutionary significance of this difference.arrow_forward
- A human femur undergoes bending and axial loading as shown below. The femur can be modeled as an isotropic linear elastic material with a Young’s modulus of 20 GPa, an outer diameter of 2.5 cm, and an inner diameter of 1.5 cm A) Plot the stress distribution at the cross-sectional plane defined by points A and B. Label the neutral axis and which side is in tension or compression. Do not provide stress magnitudes. B) If point A experiences strain of magnitude 91 μm/m, determine the magnitude of force F. (Recall: for this case, stress and strain are linearly related by one material constant.) C) Assume the force F and cross-sectional area are unchanged from (b), but the bone cross section is now a circle rather than an annulus. Determine the new strain experienced at point A.arrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. i do not knwo which one is the answerarrow_forwardAn ion that is essential for muscle contraction is Ca2+. Which of the following statements about the calcium ion and muscle contractions is TRUE? Select one: a. Muscle contractions can occur whether Ca2+ concentrations are high or low. b. Ca2+ binds to the tropin-tropomyosin protein complex shifting it out of the way and allows the myosin to bind to the actin so contraction can occur. c. When Ca2+ concentrations are high, tropomyosin inhibits myosin binding and the muscle is relaxed. d. Ca2+ ions are stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum during the muscle contractions. I do not know which one isarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements concerning the scaling of muscle properties with body size is true? A. Muscle mass scales isometrically with body mass. B. A small animal can lift a greater load relative to its body mass than a larger animal. C. The force generated by a muscle is proportional to its cross-sectional area. D. A large animal will be able to carry a greater mass than a smaller animal. E. All of the above are truearrow_forwardHow many strutures are found in an animal callarrow_forwardTurkeys in captivity fed on a grain diet (type of grain unspecified) begin to show abnormal walking and postural behaviors such as staggering, and paralysis of neck and other appendages. You humanely euthanize the captive flock and conduct necropsies. Individuals show presence of irregularly shaped white patches in both skeletal and cardiac muscle. Based on this information, what modification to the diet would you suggest to improve the health of future captive turkeys? Select one: a. Increase tocopherol b. Increase iron c. Increase calcium d. Add Acetyl-CoA e. Increase carbohydratesarrow_forward
- Limiting Weights is the exercise that stimulates muscles to become stronger. As muscles gain in…. Which of the following processes occurs at the cellular level? Mitochondria is added to aid in ATP production. More calcium is released with each action potential. Larger diameter myochorils are added to each cell.arrow_forwardwhy do you think hydrostatic skeleton is eventually lost in animals with exoskeleton and endoskeleton? give 2 examples with scientific explanationarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true of the chameleon tongue but not of the human tongue? A. It is a muscular hydrostat. B. Force generation reflects the binding of myosin crossbridges to actin thin filaments. C. The organization of the actin and myosin filaments produces a regular pattern of bands, or striations. D. Gaps or holes in the Z-discs allow supercontraction (shortening beyond the normal limit). E. All of the above statements are true of both the chameleon tongue and the human tongue.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Skeletal System; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f-FF7Qigd3U;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY