4. In the phylogenetic tree of vascular plants below, all of the taxa directly under each box belong to the group in the box (i.e., the lycophytes include clubmosses, quillworts, and spikemosses). Which of the four boxed groups are monophyletic, and which are paraphyletic? What characteristic(s) would separate bryophytes from lycophytes? bryophytes lycophytes seed plants clubmosses quillworts angiosperms ferns gymnosperms monocots Roots Seeds True leaves, roots Vascular tissue liverworts mosses hornworts spikemosses Amborella dicots

A grouping composed of horsetails, ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms and their common ancestor is considered: Group of answer choices a. monophyletic b. paraphyletic c. polyphyletic

6. Given this information, what is the correct scientific name of themoth orchid (typed correctly).a) Orchidaceaeb) Orchidaceae phalaenopsisc) Phalaenopsis amabilisd) Phalaenopsis amabilis   Debbie: “I think the death penalty is a necessary component of our justice system and should remain legal.” Dylan: “So, you are saying that murder should be legal and that it’s okay for us to go around killing people just because we think they deserve it? That isn’t right!”   7. Dylan’s argument would be considered a(n) _____ . a) straw man argumentb) argument from consensusc) false cause argumentd) appeal to authority