Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 4TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The transfer of pollen grains initiates the process of reproduction in the life cycle of a plant. The pollen grains are synthesized inside the male reproductive part of the plant (anther). The transfer of pollen grains on the female reproductive structure initiates the pollen tube formation through which pollen grains reach the egg cell and fertilization occurs.
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f. The mature female gametophyte is called a(n)
(A)
embryo sac
(B)
nucellus
(C)
megasporangium
(D)
endosperm
(E)
ovule
EXPERIMENT 4: INDUCTION OF CALLUS SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS OF HAPLOID PLANTS
Objective:
To prepare anther as a source of explant
To induce callus somatic embryogenesis of haploid plants
Procedure:
Cut off the buds and sort them into 3 developmental stages based on length of buds
Surface sterilize the buds in 70% ethanol for 2-3 minutes, making sure the entire bud is immersed in the alcohol.
Drain off excess alcohol from the buds and aseptically excise the anthers from each bud.
Remove the filaments and culture the anther on one of the agar media provided. Label the stage of development of the bud on each petri dish as the anthers are cultured. Seal the Petri dishes with parafilm.
Incubate in the dark at 26 to 28ºC for 4 to 8 weeks or until small plants can be seen growing out of the anthers. Then transfer to diffuse light.
Record the results of the experiment in table form and submit the report.
Observation:
The culture was contaminated after 8 weeks of incubation…
What is the function of filiform apparatus in an angiospermic embryo sac?
(a) Brings about opening of the pollen tube
(b) Guides the pollen tube into a synergid
(c) Prevents entry of more than one pollen tube into a synergid
(d) None of these
Chapter 28 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1LOCh. 28.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Trace the steps in the life cycle of a pine and...Ch. 28.2 - Summarize the features that distinguish...Ch. 28.2 - Name and briefly describe the four phyla of...Ch. 28.2 - What is the dominant generation in the pine life...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 3CCh. 28.2 - Prob. 4C
Ch. 28.3 - Summarize the features that distinguish flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Briefly explain the life cycle of a flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Contrast monocots and eudicots, the two largest...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 8LOCh. 28.3 - How do nonreproductive adaptations of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - How does the flowering plant life cycle differ...Ch. 28.3 - What are the two major classes of flowering...Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 4CCh. 28.4 - Summarize the evolution of gymnosperms from...Ch. 28.4 - What features distinguish progymnosperms from seed...Ch. 28.4 - Describe the significant features of the oldest...Ch. 28.4 - Are monocots considered basal or core angiosperms?...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 2....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The...Ch. 28 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 6....Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 7. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9....Ch. 28 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 11....Ch. 28 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You...Ch. 28 - VISUALIZE Sketch a seed of a gymnosperm and of a...Ch. 28 - CONNECT How do the life cycles of seedless plants...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...Ch. 28 - Test Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize...
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- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 9. After fertilization, the______________ develop(s) into a fruit and the ______________ develop(s) into a seed. (a) ovary; ovule (b) polar nuclei; ovule (c) ovary; endosperm (d) ovule; ovary (e) ovule; polar nucleiarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 3. The immature male gametophytes of pine are called (a) ovules (b) stamens (c) seed cones (d) pollen grains (e) polar nucleiarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 8. A flower that lacks stamens is both _______________ and _______________. (a) complete; imperfect (b) incomplete; perfect (c) complete; perfect (d) incomplete; imperfectarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 1. Seed plants lack which of the following structure(s)? (a) ovules surrounded by integuments (b) microspores and megaspores (c) vascular tissues (d) a large, nutritionally independent sporophyte (e) a large, nutritionally independent gametophytearrow_forward14. The embryonic stem in a seed is called the (a) radicle. (b) hypocotyl. (c) seed coat. (d) endosperm. 15. Pollen contains (a) male gametes. (b) female gametes. (c) fruits. (d) a stigma.arrow_forwardThe anther contains:(a) Sepals(b) Ovules(c) Carpel(d) Pollen grains.arrow_forward
- Lab 13 (a)- Vascular Plant Reproduction Can you recognize if a cone is male or female? If provided actual flowers or images of flowers, can you determine if they are from a monocot or dicot plant (based on the expected patterns of petals) Can you identify key parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamen, pistil, anther, filament, stigma, style, ovary, ovules) Difference between perfect & imperfect flowers? If a plant produces flowers, is it a gymnosperm or angiosperm? What are the names and functions of the 2 cells within a pollen grain? During double fertilization, what 2 structures are fertilized? What does each fertilized structure become?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Apply and Analyze 13. You are given a plant that you have never seen before (see figure). Is it a gymnosperm or angiosperm? A monocot or eudicot? What are the features that helped you make these determinations?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5. Motile sperm cells are found as vestiges in these two gymnosperm groups: (a) monocots, eudicots (b) gnetophytes, conifers (c) gnetophytes, flowering plants (d) cycads, conifers (e) cycads, ginkgoarrow_forward
- Place the following events in the correct order: 1. pollen tube grows into ovule 2. insect lands on flower to drink nectar 3. embryo develops within the seed 4. fertilization occurs 5. pollen carried by insect contacts stigma (a) 2, 5, 1, 4, 3 (b) 1, 4, 2, 5, 3 (c) 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 (d) 5, 1, 3, 4, 2 (e) 2, 5, 4, 3, 1arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Evaluate and Synthesize 18. EVOLUTION LINK Where would you place the progymnosperms on Figure 28-2? Explain your reasoning. Figure 28-2 Gymnosperm and angiosperm evolution This cladogram shows a current hypothesis of phylogenetic relationships among living seed plants, based on structural evidence, molecular comparisons, and fossils. Relationships among extant gymnosperm clades and angiosperms remain controversial. The arrangement of the phyla shown here may change as future analyses help clarify relationships.arrow_forwardPostlab: Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants & Gymnosperms 1. What is the conspicuous form of the bryophytes? Is this form haploid or diploid? 2. The part that produces the male gametes is called the....? 3. The part that produces the female gametes is called the... 4. Spores are produced by which cell division process? 5. What is the conspicuous form of the seedless vascular plants? Is it haploid or diploid? 6. What are microspores? Where are they produced in gymnosperms? 7. Megaspores give rise to which structure in gymnosperms? 8. How are most gymnosperms pollinate d? 9. In gymnosperms, the material that nourishes the embryo derives from what tissue? 10. How can you visually differentiate a male from a female cone in pines?arrow_forward
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