Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 11TYK
Which of the following statements accurately describes a role of prokaryotes in chemical recycling?
- a. Chemoheterotrophic prokaryotes may function as decomposers to return chemical elements to an ecosystem.
- b. Photoheterotrophs convert atmospheric CO2 into organic compounds.
- c. Chemoautotrophs such as the soil bacterium Burkholderia glathei increase the availability of nitrogen for growing seedlings.
- d. All of the above are correct.
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Antibiotics enter the environment in wastewater from pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, in wastes from farms where they are used in animals, and in sewage from human populations. (Many antibiotics are excreted in their active form.) The influx of antibiotics into the environment is a concern because the presence of these compounds in the environment selects for antibiotic resistance. As pollutants, antibiotics can also have ecological effects. Describe some of the ecological roles of bacteria, and explain why disruption of these roles by antibiotic pollution would have a negative impact.
Which of the following statement is INCORRECT?A. Bacteria can decompose organic nitrogen.B. Biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by bacteria.C. Ammonia, ammonium ion and nitrate ion are examples of biological availablenitrogen.D. Denitrifying bacteria converts atmospheric dinitrogen gas into nitrate ion.E. Nitrification is the process of converting reactive nitrogen into another form ofreactive nitrogen.
Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe nitrogen fixing bacteria?
A. Can be found only as a symbiotes associated with the root nodules of legumes.
B. Maybe be present in soil.
C. Converts atmospheric nitrogen to organic nitrogen.
D. Composed of many species of bacteria.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 27 - Fill in the following table with brief...Ch. 27 - Complete the following concept map that summarizes...Ch. 27 - This is a micrograph of the cyanobacterium...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4IQCh. 27 - Prob. 5IQCh. 27 - One might think of prokaryotes as primitive,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 27 - __________ region in which the prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - __________ common staining technique that...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 27 - ___________ use of organisms to remove...Ch. 27 - __________type of respiration that uses molecules...Ch. 27 - The Gram stain distinguishes among bacteria based...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 27 - Some prokaryotes have specialized internal...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 27 - Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 27 - O157:H7, a pathogenic strain of E. coli, has over...
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- Bioremediation includes _____. a. the use of prokaryotes that can fix nitrogen b. the use of prokaryotes to clean up pollutants c. the use of prokaryotes as natural fertilizers d. All of the abovearrow_forwardDenitrification is which of the following? a. Organisms like algae, cyanobacteria and plants are capable of using light energy which is trapped by chlorophyll, to convert carbon dioxide and water into oxygen and glucose b. The first step in the synthesis of virtually all nitrogenous compounds c. The decomposers - certain soil bacteria and fungi e.g. ammonifying bacteria - break down proteins in dead organisms and animal wastes, releasing ammonium ions d. Nitrates are reduced to nitrogen gas by denitrifying bacteria e. Aerobic respiration requires oxygenarrow_forwardWhy are bacterial decomposers important? a. They produce spores. b. Common in biotechnology. c. They fix nitrogen. d. They break down complex organic molecules in wastes and remains. e. Most cause disease.arrow_forward
- Some bacteria have the ability to “fix” nitrogen. This means a. they convert ammonia into nitrites and nitrates. b. they convert atmospheric nitrogen gas into biologically useful forms of nitrogen. c. they break down nitrogen-rich compounds and release ammonium ions. d. they convert nitrate into nitrogen gas.arrow_forwardExtreme thermophiles (hyperthermophiles) are active a. in temperate zone soils on hot, sunny days. b. in recently fallen meteorites that are still too hot to handle with bare hands. c. in very hot geothermal environments. d. in steel mills. Enrichment of a fast growing bacterial species from a sample in which it is not abundant may employ: a. Serial dilution using sterile physiological saline or other common diluent. b. Inoculation and incubation through multiple transfers to fresh media. c. Preincubation in the refrigerator. d. Use of beer as a medium supplement. Which of the following sequences of electron carriers could represent a workable bacterial electron transport chain? a. cytochromes, followed by an iron-sulfur protein, and quinones. b. quinones, cytochromes, iron-sulfur proteins, and a flavoprotein. c. a flavoprotein, followed by an iron-sulfur protein, quinones, and cytochromes.…arrow_forwardHeterotrophs that harvest energy from organic molecules are called A. photoautotrophs B. chemoautotrophs C. photohetrotrophs D. Chemoheterotrophs E. nitrogen fixers.arrow_forward
- Many of the first prokaryotes to be cultured in a scientific lab were human or animal pathogens. Why would these species be more readily cultured than non-pathogenic prokaryotes? a. Pathogenic prokaryotes are hardier than nonpathogenic prokaryotes. b. Non-pathogenic prokaryotes require more supplements in their growth media. c. Most of the necessary culture conditions could be inferred for pathogenic prokaryotes. d. Pathogenic bacteria can grow as free bacteria, but non-pathogenic bacteria only grow as parts of large colonies.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is a correct distinction between autotrophs and heterotrophs? a. Only heterotrophs require chemical compounds from the environment. b. Cellular respiration is unique to heterotrophs. c. Only heterotrophs have mitochondria. d. Only autotrophs can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganicarrow_forwardWhich of the following processes is described in the reaction shown in the picture? a.denitrification b.nitrification c.nitrogen fixation d.assimilationarrow_forward
- A prokaryote that gains organic molecules from other livingorganisms is aa. photoautotroph.b. photoheterotroph.c. chemoautotroph.d. chemoheterotroph.arrow_forwardRhizobium and Azotobacter are examples of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria that are classified as a. chemolithotrophs. b. chemoorganotrophs. c. photoautotrophs. d. photoheterotrophs.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is true of microbial biofilms? A. Biofilms are restricted to freshwater environments. B. Biofilms typically are small because resources such as nutrients and oxygen are unable to circulate through them. C. Cells within the biofilm are encased within a layer of polysaccharide. D. Biofilms almost always consist of only a single bacterial speciesarrow_forward
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