Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction: Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that belong to the domains Bacteria and Archaea. Prokaryotic cells are smaller than eukaryotes. They have no nucleus and lack organelles.
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The table below shows the symptoms of some diseases that are caused by bacteria.
Disease
Symptoms
vomiting, abdominal pain, coughing,
muscular weakness, visual disturbance
botulism
inflammation of lungs, fever,
shortness of breath, fluid in lungs
pneumonia
typhoid fever
red rashes, high fever, intestinal bleeding
tetanus
uncontrolled contractions of voluntary muscles
Which two diseases listed in the table affect the digestive system? Be sure to support your reasoning with evidence from the table. Please write in complete sentences.
Identify the genus that best fits each of the following descriptions: a. This organism can produce a fuel used for home heating and for generating electricity. b. This gram-positive genus presents the greatest source of bacterial damage to the beekeeping industry. c. This gram-positive rod is used in dairy fermentations. d. This gammaproteobacterial genus is well suited to degrade hydrocarbons in an oil spill.
Mycoplasmas are bacteria that lack cell walls. On the basis of this structural feature, which statement concerning mycoplasmas should be true?
They are gram-negative.
They are subject to lysis in hypotonic conditions.
They lack a cell membrane as well.
They should contain less cellulose than do bacteria that possess cell walls.
They possess typical prokaryotic flagella.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 27 - Fill in the following table with brief...Ch. 27 - Complete the following concept map that summarizes...Ch. 27 - This is a micrograph of the cyanobacterium...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4IQCh. 27 - Prob. 5IQCh. 27 - One might think of prokaryotes as primitive,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 27 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 27 - __________ region in which the prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - __________ common staining technique that...
Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 27 - ___________ use of organisms to remove...Ch. 27 - __________type of respiration that uses molecules...Ch. 27 - The Gram stain distinguishes among bacteria based...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 27 - Some prokaryotes have specialized internal...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 27 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 27 - Which of the following statements accurately...Ch. 27 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 27 - O157:H7, a pathogenic strain of E. coli, has over...
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- An organism is a mixotroph loses its plastids, it survives because of which reason; 1. It has an endospore and becomes dormant until conditions improve 2. It has photosynthesis by membranes present in the cytoplasm 3. since it is also a heterotroph engulfs organic material by phagocytosis or by absorption for nutrition 4. uses mitochondria that acquite after loosing its plastidsarrow_forwardMycoplasmas are pleomorphic bacteria. How do the unique structural characteristics of mycoplasmas relate to their bacterial morphology? Mycoplasmas have a low G + C genome content. Mycoplasmas appear Gram negative when a Gram stain is performed. Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall. Mycoplasmas form colonies with a fried-egg appearance.arrow_forwardSelect all statements that are true regarding members of the genus Mycobacterium. O They contain mycolic acids O They can cause tuberculosis O One species causes tuberculosis O They are proteobactria O They are practically impenetrable by antibiotics O Their cell walls lack peptidoglycan O They are easy and fast to grow under laboratory conditionsarrow_forward
- was used by Joseph Lister to clean wounds and surgical instruments: A.Antibiotics b.Chlorine water Carbonic acid dAntitoxins e. Carbolic acid Which one of the following does not apply to the bacterial glycocalyx? It is not responsible for virulency b .It allows the organism to resist drying C. It may allow an organism to resist phagocytosis d.It is composed of carbohydrates E. It is enclosed by the cell wallarrow_forwardDefine the following terms:a. endotoxinb. periplasmic spacec. biofilmd. slime layere. bacterial capsulearrow_forward. A group of spherical bacteria arranged in a chain-like fashion are: Incorrect Answer: C. Spirochetes Correct Answer: B. Streptococci Rationale:arrow_forward
- You are a physician working in a hospital. Your patient is a 65-year-old individual who has been living on the street. Their symptoms include trouble breathing, weakness, and most recently coughing up blood. When gram stained, the bacterium shows no color and most of the antibiotics are not reducing the infection. After reviewing the information from the last physician, you prescribe Isoniazid. Select all of the answers that are correct. Mycolic acid is present in fungal cells Mycolic acid is a waxy substance that can repel many molecules An organism that has mycolic acid has to have access to oxygen and grows very slowly. If there is not gram stain then there is no bacteria present Isonazid targets and destroys mycolic acid. ►arrow_forwardName two methods of control of growth for Mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogen in a patient with the disease and when confronted with the pathogen outside of the host. Be careful to specify if it is a physical method or a chemical method (check lecture to differentiate these two). Control of growth means how would you deal with an infection related to a person as well as how would you minimize the presence of the bacteria on a surface or object.arrow_forwardIn the diagram below, identify the structures of a cyanobacterial cell based on the following descriptions: a) Outer cellular covering which includes: Mucilaginous layer – outermost layer covering the cell wall; protects the cell from harmful factors of the environment Cell wall – found just below the mucilaginous layer; 2 or 3-layered, the inner layer lies in between the outer wall layer and plasma membrane; the outer layer is made of peptidoglycan Innermost plasma membrane – selectively permeable membrane enclosing the cytoplasm b) Cytoplasm – found below the plasma membrane; the protoplasm which contains structures of different shapes and functions. Lamellae, which contain pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenes, xanthophylls, phycoerythrin and phycocyanin, are located in the peripheral region of cytoplasm. Ribosomes may also be found scattered in the cytoplasm. c) Nucleic material – the nucleoplasm that is centrally located in the cell and contains chromatin in the form…arrow_forward
- Match each group with an applicable description Cyanobacteria Firmicutes Actinobacteria Alphaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria Betaproteobacteria ✓ [Choose ] Microbes that love the mammalian gut Oxygenic photosynthesizers Commonly produce spores and antibiotics Plant-associated microbes A lot of aerobic pathogens Microbes with strange metabolism The only true endospore formers, plus some food microbes [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forwardA bacterium has the following characteristics:∙ It adheres to the human intestinal lining using a feature that protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration∙ It can survive being boiled∙ It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycanWhich of the following characteristics allows this bacterium to adhere to the intestinal lining? Group of answer choices A. fimbriae B. pili C. an endospore D. a flagellumarrow_forwardClostridium botulinum is a strict anaerobe; that is, it is killed by the molecular oxygen (O2) present in air. Humans can die of botulism from eating foods in which C. botulism is growing. How does this bacterium survive on plants picked for human consumption? Why are home-canned foods most often the source of botulism?arrow_forward
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Bacterial Structure and Functions; Author: Osmosis;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b15Hy3jCPDs;License: Standard youtube license