An Introduction to Thermal Physics
An Introduction to Thermal Physics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9780201380279
Author: Daniel V. Schroeder
Publisher: Addison Wesley
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Chapter 2.6, Problem 36P

For either a monatomic ideal gas or a high-temperature Einstein solid, the entropy is given by Nk times some logarithm. The logarithm is never large, so if all You want is an order-of-magnitude estimate, you can neglect it and just say S N k . That is, the entropy in fundamental units is of the order of the number of particles in the system. This conclusion turns out to be true for most systems (with some important exceptions at low temperatures where the particles are behaving in an orderly way). So just for fun, make a very rough estimate of the entropy of each of the following: this book (a kilogram of carbon compounds); a moose (400 kg of water); the sun ( 2 × 10 30 kg of ionized hydrogen).

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For either a monatomic ideal gas or a high-temperature Einstein solid, the entropy is given by Nk times some logarithm. The logarithm is never large, so if all you want is an order-of-magnitude estimate, you can neglect it and just say S - Nk. That is, the entropy in fundamental units is of the order of the rv number of particles in the system. This conclusion turns out to be true for most systems (with some important exceptions at low temperatures where the particles are behaving in an orderly way). So just for fun, make a very rough estimate of the entropy of each of the following: this book (a kilogram of carbon compounds); a moose (400 kg of water); the sun (2 x 1030 kg of ionized hydrogen).
(a) What is the entropy of an Einstein solid with 4 atoms and an energy of 18ε? Express your answer as a multiple of kB . The entropy of the solid is ____ kB.(b) What is the entropy of an Einstein solid in a macropartition that contains  9 ×10690×10690 microstates? Express your answer as a multiple of kB. The entropy of the solid is  ____  kB.
A box contains 100 gas molecules all released on the left side of the box. What is the initial entropy of all the gas molecules on one side? You can calculate the number of microstates (left/right distribution of molecules) possible by the equation W = N! / ( nL! * nR!,) where N is the total number of molecules and nL is the number on the left and nR is the number on the right. What is the entropy of the most disorganized distribution of gas molecules?

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