Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 8PDQ
In the following table, average differences of height, weight, and fingerprint ridge count between monozygotic twins (reared together and apart), dizygotic twins, and nontwin siblings are compared:
Based on the data in this table, which of these quantitative traits has the highest heritability values?
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Students have asked these similar questions
In the following table, average differences of birth height, birth weight, and
IQ score between monozygotic twins (reared together and apart are
compared. Based on the data below, which quantitative trait has
the lowest heritability?
Trait
Height
(cm)
Weight
(kg)
IQ
Height
Weight
IQ
MZ
Reared
Together
0.7
1.9
1.7
MZ
Reared
Apart
0.8
4.5
1.9
Why are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so useful in the calculation of heritability? What assumption is being made about their respective environment?
The graphs below show antibiotic production from the same population of bacteria, grown in two different
environments-high glucose and low glucose.
Number
of
organisms
HIGH GLUCOSE
LOW GLUCOSE
Amount of antibiotic produced
If you calculate the heritability of antibiotic production for this population of bacteria when grown in low glucose
compared to when it is grown in high glucose, the estimated heritability value
Incorrect
will be smaller in the low glucose than in the high glucose.
will not be possible to estimate because you don't know the genotypic variation.
will be larger in the low glucose than in the high glucose.
will be the same in both environments.
X
X
Chapter 25 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 25 - A homozygous plant with 20-cm-diameter flowers is...Ch. 25 - The following table shows measurements for fiber...Ch. 25 - The following cable gives the percentage of twin...Ch. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2CSCh. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on a...Ch. 25 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 25 - Define the following: (a) polygenic, (b) additive...Ch. 25 - A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are...
Ch. 25 - Height in humans depends on the additive action of...Ch. 25 - An inbred strain of plants has a mean height of 24...Ch. 25 - Erma and Harvey were a compatible barnyard pair,...Ch. 25 - In the following table, average differences of...Ch. 25 - What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense...Ch. 25 - List as many human traits as you can that are...Ch. 25 - Corn plants from a test plot are measured, and the...Ch. 25 - The following variances were calculated for two...Ch. 25 - The mean and variance of plant height of two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 25 - In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 25 - In a population of 100 inbred, genotypically...Ch. 25 - Many traits of economic or medical significance...Ch. 25 - A 3-inch plant was crossed with a 15-inch plant,...Ch. 25 - In a cross between a strain of large guinea pigs...Ch. 25 - Type A1B brachydactyly (short middle phalanges) is...Ch. 25 - In a series of crosses between two true-breeding...Ch. 25 - Students in a genetics laboratory began an...Ch. 25 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 25 - Canine hip dysplasia is a quantitative trait that...Ch. 25 - Floral traits in plants often play key roles in...Ch. 25 - In 1988, Horst Wilkens investigated blind...
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- What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense or narrow sense) are obtained from human twin studies?arrow_forwardIn the following table, average differences of birth height, birth weight, and IQ score between monozygotic twins (reared together and apart are compared. Based on the data below, which quantitative trait has the lowest heritability? Trait Height (cm) Weight (kg) IQ Height Weight O1Q MZ Reared Together Trait Tail length 0.7 1.9 The following variances were calculated for two traits in poodles. VA MZ Reared Apart 6.3 Body length 11.7 4.5 1.9 Vp 20.1 33.4 Ve 16.2 Calculate broad sense (H²) and narrow sense (h²) heritability for each trait in this herd. 4arrow_forwardADHD is a highly heritable trait with published broad sense heritability estimates in the range of 0.6- 0.9. Larsson et al. 2014 (doi: 10.1017/S0033291713002493 ) reported the concordance values shown in the table below for pairs of monozygotic (MZ) or dizygotic (DZ) twins with data for male and female pairs shown separately, using data from the Swedish twin register (59,000 twin pairs, born between 1959 and 2001). Male MZ twins Male DZ twins Female MZ twins Female DZ twins 56% 16% 37% 13% Based on the data in this table, does ADHD appear to be more heritable in males or females? Provide one sentence of rationale to support your answer.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about complex traits is/are TRUE? Twin studies help to tease apart the contribution of genetic and environmental factors to phenotypic variations. When describing quantitative traits, a high variance indicates that most individual values are not very close to the mean. Genetic factors determine Mendelian traits, while environmental factors determine complex traits. Both additive and dominant effect falls in the category of narrow sense heritability and can be directly passed on from parents to offspring.arrow_forwardThe following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which bothtwins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listedare for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the sameenvironment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H)versus environmental (E) factors for each trait?Traits MZ, % DZ, % H EBlood types 100 66Eye color 99 28Measles 95 87Diabetes 65 18Mental retardation 97 37arrow_forwardThe following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listed are for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the same environment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H) versus environmental (E) factors for each trait? Trait MZ % DZ % Blood types 100 66Eye color 99 28 Measles 95 87 Diabetes 65 18Mental retardation 97 37arrow_forward
- The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listed are for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the same environment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic versus environmental factors for each trait? Trait MZ % DZ % Blood types 100 66 Eye color 99 28 Mental retardation 97 37 Measles 95 87 Hair color 89 22 Handedness 79 77 Idiopathic epilepsy 72 15 Schizophrenia 69 10 Diabetes 65 18 Identical allergy 59 5 Cleft lip 42 5 Club foot 32 3 Mammary cancer 6 3arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the broad-sense heritability of a trait? Variance in the trait that is due to genetic effects (VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (VG/Vp) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (Vp - VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is not due to genetic effects (Vp- VE) the degree to which genes influencing a trait are passed from offspring to parents Toarrow_forwardWhy are monozygotic twins who are reared apart so useful in the calculation of heritability?arrow_forward
- Viruses are capable of infecting bacteria by injecting their DNA into the bacterial cells. This was best illustrated in which person/people's experiment? O Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat and Bea Singer O Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase O Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod, and Maclyn McCarty O Frederick Griffith O Rosalind Franklinarrow_forwardTwo inbred lines of beans are crossed with one another. In the F1 generation, the variance in bean weight is 15. When the F2 generation is self-crossed, the F2 generation has the same mean, with a variance of 60. What is the genetic variance of bean weight in this population?arrow_forwardGiven the below information, what is the narrow-sense heritability for this trait? 0.22 VD 0.75 VE 0.86 VGE 0.61 0.23 total 2.67arrow_forward
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