Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 15PDQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The effect on milk protein content in the next generation when the farmer selects cows producing more butterfat in their milk in the given problem.
Introduction: The contribution of genotypic variance to the total
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You estimate the heritability of milk production in the brown cows at your friend’s farm. The heritability is H2=0.45. Identify the following that best describes the conclusions you can make from your study.
a.
Cows that produce milk at lower rates than at your friend’s farm occurs because they have bad genes.
b.
Cow milk production in this population is dependent on both environmental and genetic influence.
c.
Milk production is not heritable in your friend’s population of cows.
d.
Milk production heritability at the farm 15 miles down the road is also likely to be 0.45.
Three characteristics in beef cattle—body weight, fat content, and tenderness—are measured, and the following variance components are estimated: Body weight Fat content Tenderness VA 22 45 12 VD 10 25 5 VI 3 8 2 VE 42 64 8 VGE 0 0 1 In this population, which characteristic would respond best to selection? Explain your reasoning.
The narrow-sense heritability of growth rate in swine is 0.4. The mean of the population is 100 kg. A male and a female measuring 115 and 125 kg, respectively, mate and produce a number of offspring, which are reared in an average environment. What is the expected value of the trait among these offspring?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 25 - A homozygous plant with 20-cm-diameter flowers is...Ch. 25 - The following table shows measurements for fiber...Ch. 25 - The following cable gives the percentage of twin...Ch. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2CSCh. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on a...Ch. 25 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 25 - Define the following: (a) polygenic, (b) additive...Ch. 25 - A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are...
Ch. 25 - Height in humans depends on the additive action of...Ch. 25 - An inbred strain of plants has a mean height of 24...Ch. 25 - Erma and Harvey were a compatible barnyard pair,...Ch. 25 - In the following table, average differences of...Ch. 25 - What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense...Ch. 25 - List as many human traits as you can that are...Ch. 25 - Corn plants from a test plot are measured, and the...Ch. 25 - The following variances were calculated for two...Ch. 25 - The mean and variance of plant height of two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 25 - In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 25 - In a population of 100 inbred, genotypically...Ch. 25 - Many traits of economic or medical significance...Ch. 25 - A 3-inch plant was crossed with a 15-inch plant,...Ch. 25 - In a cross between a strain of large guinea pigs...Ch. 25 - Type A1B brachydactyly (short middle phalanges) is...Ch. 25 - In a series of crosses between two true-breeding...Ch. 25 - Students in a genetics laboratory began an...Ch. 25 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 25 - Canine hip dysplasia is a quantitative trait that...Ch. 25 - Floral traits in plants often play key roles in...Ch. 25 - In 1988, Horst Wilkens investigated blind...
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- In a population of geese, the narrow-sense heritability for wing span is shown to be 0.5. If the phenotypic variance is 0.8, the gene-environment interaction variance is 1.2, and the environmental variance is 0.2, what is the additive genetic variance?arrow_forwardThe following variances were calculated for two traits in poodles. Vp VG 20.1 8 Trait Tail length Body length VA 6.3 11.7 33.4 16.2 Calculate broad sense (H²) and narrow sense (h²) heritability for each trait in this herd.arrow_forwardYou have been breeding roaches in your dorm and are trying to increase the speed in your roach population. You measure speed by timing how quickly the roaches race along the linear track in your dorm room. Your current population mean is 9.3 seconds with a standard deviation of 0.32 sec. You selected the fastest 10% of your current population to be parents of the next generation. The broad and narrow sense heritability values for racing speed in roaches are 0.93 and 0.78, respectively. You wish to develop a faster population of roaches. Round all answers properly to three decimal digits. Enter all answers without units so that they will be correctly recognized by Moodle. The numerical value for the standardized selection point is The numerical value for the truncation point is seconds. The numerical value for the selection intensity is Calculate the selection differential. S = seconds. The mean of the selected parents is seconds. The response to selection is seconds. The mean of the…arrow_forward
- Given the below information, what is the narrow-sense heritability for this trait? 0.22 VD 0.75 VE 0.86 VGE 0.61 0.23 total 2.67arrow_forwardThe length of the middle joint of the right index finger was measured in 10 sets of parents and their adult offspring. The mean parental lengths and the mean offspring lengths for each family are listed in the accompanying table. Calculate the regression coefficient for regression of mean offspring length against mean parental length and estimate the narrow-sense heritability for this characteristic. Mean parental length (mm) Mean offspring length (mm) 30 31 35 36 28 31 33 35 26 27 32 30 31 34 29 28 40 38 33 34arrow_forward*You are looking at the heritability of litter size at weaning in pigs (17%) *The herd average for this trait is 10 piglets per litter at weaning *When looking at an individual Sow, she has 12 piglets per litter at weaning Calculate the following: -What is the Estimated Breeding Value of the Sow -Determine the Sows Expected Progeny Difference ***Make sure to enter your answers using numbers & use decimals when necessary*** The EBV of the sow is ______________________more pigs per litter then the herd average. Therefore, the sows progeny can be expected to have ______________more pigs per litter then the herd average.arrow_forward
- Variance in back fat & body length were calculated in a heard of hogs and summarized in the table below. Trait In hogs Back fat Body length Vp 24.5 48.2 VG 15.5 28.4 VA 7.0 12.6 Calculate the narrow-sense heritability for body length, and provide an answer with 2 places behind the decimal. [h²] (Enter an answer with 2 or 3 significant figures)arrow_forwardElephant seals are a sexually dimorphic species of marine mammal that lives off the coast of California. The females, which weigh around 1000 Ibs, are much smaller than the males, which may weigh up to 5000 Ibs. Suppose that scientists measured the weight of three adult female elephant seals and their female offspring. Parent Weight Offspring Weight 920 742 999 780 1014 787 Calculate the narrow sense heritability, h, of weight for female elephant seals to two decimal places. h?: What conclusions can be drawn from these data?arrow_forwardYou have the following data: Daily milk yield records of close relatives of a bull used to sire F1s: 24.4, 19.8, 23.0, 22.6, 20.2 kg, Daily milk yield records for cows: 18.1, 20.4, 17.5, 16.2, 25.2, 14.2 kg, Daily milk yield records for F1s: 31.0, 24.6, 25.4, 32.7, 26.3 kg. Calculate the heterosis (hybrid vigour) for this traitarrow_forward
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