Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 28ESP

Floral traits in plants often play key roles in diversification, in that slight modifications of those traits, if genetically determined, may quickly lead to reproductive restrictions and evolution. Insight into genetic involvement in flower formation is often acquired through selection experiments that expose realized heritability. Lendvai and Levin (2003) conducted a series of artificial selection experiments on flower size (diameter) in Phlox drummondii. Data from their selection experiments are presented in the following table in modified form and content.

Chapter 25, Problem 28ESP, Floral traits in plants often play key roles in diversification, in that slight modifications of

  1. (a) Considering that differences in control values represent year-to-year differences in greenhouse conditions, calculate (in mm) the average response to selection over the three-year period.
  2. (b) Calculate the realized heritability for each year and the overall realized heritability.
  3. (c) Assuming that the realized heritability in phlox is relatively high, what factors might account for such a high response?
  4. (d) In terms of evolutionary potential, is a population with high heritability likely to be favored compared to one with a low realized heritability?
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One of the effects of climate change on ecological communities is the disruptionof seasonal timing or phenology. A team of biologists is trying to determine the potential forrapid evolutionary responses of plants to changing seasonal conditions. They do alaboratory selection experiment on flowering time in an annual plant to test for the presence ofadditive genetic variance for this trait. They measure the time between germination andflowering for 400 plants under controlled laboratory conditions and then use 25% with theshortest flowering times to find a second generation in the lab (with pollination based onrandom number sampling). The mean flowering time for the overall parental population was 80days. The mean for the selected 25% of individuals was 60 days. In the offspring generation, themean flowering time was 70 days. 6a. What is the narrow-sense heritability for flowering time for these plants under laboratoryconditions? 6b. If you performed another round of selection on the…
A wide-ranging survey of Nicotonia growing in its natural environment recorded a variation in corolla length ranging from 12mm to 47mm with a variance of 36.5. Subsequently, collected seeds were grown in a greenhouse and it was found that the range was now very much lower with most plants having similar corolla lengths and the variance was now only 8.4. After the plants had grown to maturity and formed seed, seeds were collected from plants with either the shortest and or the longest corollas in the population and planted separately in the greenhouse. When flowers were formed it was found that the variance of the plants with the shortest flowers was now 4.2 while that of the flowers from the longest seeds had become 13.7 Calculate the values for  heritability in the different groups of plants and explain why this difference may arise.
In normal plants, the probability that an offspring of a heterozygous parent is heterozygous is 0.5. If the survival of heterozygous offspring differs from that of homozygous offspring, the probability that a surviving offspring is heterozygous may not be equal to 0.5. For the following values of the probability, write a discrete-time dynamical system for the fraction of heterozygous offspring over time, find the solution, and compute the fraction that will be heterozygous after ten generations. How does this compare with the fraction for a normal plant? The probability that an offspring is heterozygous is 0.6.

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Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)

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