Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 25, Problem 20PDQ
Many traits of economic or medical significance are determined by quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in which many genes, usually scattered throughout the genome, contribute to expression. (a) What general procedures are used to identify such loci? (b) What is meant by the term cosegregate in the context of QTL mapping? Why are markers such as RFLPs, SNPs, and microsatellites often used in QTL mapping?
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Forward Genetics Analysis uses a variety of beneficial approaches to identify never before described genes.
For each of the following approaches or outcomes, briefly (maximum 2 sentences) discuss in your own
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a) what feature of the genome is likely to be located between the two LD blocks that allows scientists to visualize them as seperate blocks?
b) Even though the fugure analyzes nine different SNPs, genotyping just two of se SNPs would allow you to predict the genotype of almost everyone in the population. Explain why this limited genotyping has predictive value.
c) When obtaining the data allowing construction of triangular diagrams, have researchers typically genotyped common SNPs or rare SNPs? Explain.
3) You have identified an interesting mutant in gene P. Using a Punnett square, demonstrate the cross you perform to determine if it is a dominant or recessive mutation compared to the WT gene P allele. Write the expected ratios for either scenario.
4) You have determined the mutation is dominant when compared to the WT allele. Briefly describe a technique you could use to determine if expression levels of gene P have been altered in this mutant.
5) You have determined the expression level of gene P has increased. What class/type of mutation would cause this?
Chapter 25 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 25 - A homozygous plant with 20-cm-diameter flowers is...Ch. 25 - The following table shows measurements for fiber...Ch. 25 - The following cable gives the percentage of twin...Ch. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2CSCh. 25 - At an interview with a genetic counselor, a couple...Ch. 25 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on a...Ch. 25 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 25 - Define the following: (a) polygenic, (b) additive...Ch. 25 - A dark-red strain and a white strain of wheat are...
Ch. 25 - Height in humans depends on the additive action of...Ch. 25 - An inbred strain of plants has a mean height of 24...Ch. 25 - Erma and Harvey were a compatible barnyard pair,...Ch. 25 - In the following table, average differences of...Ch. 25 - What kind of heritability estimates (broad sense...Ch. 25 - List as many human traits as you can that are...Ch. 25 - Corn plants from a test plot are measured, and the...Ch. 25 - The following variances were calculated for two...Ch. 25 - The mean and variance of plant height of two...Ch. 25 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 25 - In an assessment of learning in Drosophila, flies...Ch. 25 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 25 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 25 - In a population of 100 inbred, genotypically...Ch. 25 - Many traits of economic or medical significance...Ch. 25 - A 3-inch plant was crossed with a 15-inch plant,...Ch. 25 - In a cross between a strain of large guinea pigs...Ch. 25 - Type A1B brachydactyly (short middle phalanges) is...Ch. 25 - In a series of crosses between two true-breeding...Ch. 25 - Students in a genetics laboratory began an...Ch. 25 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 25 - Canine hip dysplasia is a quantitative trait that...Ch. 25 - Floral traits in plants often play key roles in...Ch. 25 - In 1988, Horst Wilkens investigated blind...
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- Forward Genetics Analysis uses a variety of beneficial approaches to identify never before described For each of the following approaches or outcomes, briefly (maximum 2 sentences) discuss in your own words, their purpose in Forward Genetics Analysis. genes. a) Parental cross b) F1 X F1 crossarrow_forwardHow can you assess dominance and mapping with only one mutant?arrow_forwardHow might the Hardy Weinberg relationship be used to evaluate a new SNP genotyping technology using multiple individuals from a population? Group of answer choices a)If genotypes match the reference genome, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. b)If observed phenotypes follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. c)If genotypes and allele frequencies follow Hardy Weinberg, the technology is sound. Otherwise, the technology may have problems accurately calling SNPs. d)None of the abovearrow_forward
- Traditional gene mapping has been applied successfully to a variety of organisms including yeast, fungi, maize, and Drosophila. However, human gene mapping has only recently shared a similar spotlight. What factors have delayed the application of traditional gene-mapping techniques in humans?arrow_forwardWhat is a single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)? How are SNPs used in genomic studies?arrow_forwardNot all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.arrow_forward
- DNA profiling has been used to verify pedigrees of valuable animals such as show dogs, racing greyhounds, and thoroughbred horses. However, the technology is much harder to apply in these cases than it is in forensic applications for humans. In particular, many more DNA markers must be examined in domesticated animals to stablish the identity or close familial relationship of two DNA samples. Why would you need to look at more polymorphic loci in these animals than you would in humans?arrow_forwardWhy does linkage disequilibrium represent an advantage and a disadvantage for mapping genetic variants associated with complex traits?arrow_forwardYou would like to isolate loci in the genome that influence plant height in tomato plants. Describe how you would achieve this through QTL mapping. Choose a true breeding tall strain and a true breeding short strain and compare the genomic sequences. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring and evaluate whether the F1 are tall or short. Choose two true breeding tall strains and compare the genomic sequences. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring. Genotype the F1 to identify makers that are associated with differences in plant height. Choose a true breeding tall strain and true breeding short strain and type them for molecular markers. Mate them together to produce F1 offspring, then backeross the F1 offspring to produce F2 offspring carrying recombinant chromosomes from tall…arrow_forward
- Explain the experimental advantage of genetic mapping?arrow_forwardWhen performing QPCR to study differential gene expression, what is the role of SYBR green? What is the most correct answer? SYBRgreen intercalates proportionally and efficiently with double stranded DNA and can therefore be used to quantify it SYBRgreen intercalates proportionally and efficiently with nucleic acids and can therefore be used to quantify them. SYBRgreen intercalates more efficiently and proportionately with single stranded DNA and can therefore be used to quantify cDNA (a direct product of mRNA). SYBRgreen intercalates proportionally efficiently with messenger RNA and can therefore be used to quantify it.arrow_forwardYou're studying two species of closely related mice. One has a lifespan of 32 weeks, on average; the other can live for up to 3 years (~150 weeks). You generate F1 hybrids and then an F2 mapping population for a QTL mapping study. Most of the difference in lifespan maps to a single genomic region. Which of the following is the most likely to be a good candidate region in this QTL region? 1.) Histone methyltransferase 2.) DNA ligase 3.)Primase 4.) Aminoacyl t-RNA synthetase 5.) Telomerasearrow_forward
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