1. The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listed are for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the same environment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H) versus environmental (E) factors for each trait? Traits MZ, % DZ, % H E Blood types 100 66 Eye color 99 28 Measles 95 87 Diabetes 65 18 Mental retardation 97 37

1. The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listed are for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the same environment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H) versus environmental (E) factors for each trait? Traits MZ, % DZ, % H E Blood types 100 66 Eye color 99 28 Measles 95 87 Diabetes 65 18 Mental retardation 97 37

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Description: The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listed are for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming th

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter19: Population Genetics And Human Evolution

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 9QP: Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic...

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The following table gives the percentage of twin pairs studied in which bothtwins expressed the same phenotype for a trait (concordance). Percentages listedare for concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins.Assuming that both twins in each pair were raised together in the sameenvironment, what do you conclude about the relative importance of genetic (H)versus environmental (E) factors for each trait?Traits MZ, % DZ, % H EBlood types 100 66Eye color 99 28Measles 95 87Diabetes 65 18Mental retardation 97 37
The following table gives the percentage of twinpairs studied in which both twins expressed the same phenotypefor a trait (concordance). Percentages listed arefor concordance for each trait in monozygotic (MZ) anddizygotic (DZ) twins. Assuming that both twins in eachpair were raised together in the same environment, whatdo you conclude about the relative importance of geneticversus environmental factors for each trait?
Using the HardyWeinberg Law in Human Genetics Suppose you are monitoring the allelic and genotypic frequencies of the MN blood group locus (see Question 2 for a description of the MN blood group) in a small human population. You find that for 1-year-old children, the genotypic frequencies are MM = 0.25, MN = 0.5, and NN = 0.25, whereas the genotypic frequencies for adults are MM = 0.3, MN = 0.4, and NN = 0.3. a. Compute the M and N allele frequencies for 1-year-olds and adults. b. Are the allele frequencies in equilibrium in this population? c. Are the genotypic frequencies in equilibrium?
If the relative fitness of the A1A1 genotype is 0.6, A1A2 is 1.0 and A2A2 is 0.9, eventually the frequency of the A2allele will be?
1- If additive genes contribute to all of the observed phenotypic variation for a quantitative characteristic, then what must be true? a-Narrow-sense heritability for this characteristic will be equal to 0.5 b-The mean phenotype of the parental generation will be equal to the phenotype of the individuals in F1 c-Broad-sense-heritability for this characteristic will be greater than narrow-sense heritability. 2- How can a geneticist find and map quantitative trait loci (QTLs)? a-By dividing the covariance by the product of the standard deviations of traits x and y b-By determining whether different genotypes for a known DNA marker also show variation in a quantitative characteristic c-By determining the selection response "R" and the selection differential "s" d-By calculating the genetic variance for a quantitative from the phenotypic and environmental variance asap please.
Which of the following best describes the broad-sense heritability of a trait? Variance in the trait that is due to genetic effects (VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (VG/Vp) The proportion of phenotype variance that is due to genetic effects (Vp - VG) The proportion of phenotype variance that is not due to genetic effects (Vp- VE) the degree to which genes influencing a trait are passed from offspring to parents To
A danger in computing heritability values from studiesinvolving genetically related individuals is the possibility that theseindividuals share more similar environments than do unrelatedindividuals. In the experiment shown in Figure 24.8, which dataare the most compelling evidence that ridge count is not causedby genetically related individuals sharing common environments?Explain
Twin studies are often used in the research of human behavioral traits. Although helpful, there are limitations to these studies. All of the following are limitations to twin studies EXCEPT: Traits are assumed to be simple Mendelian inheritance, discounting additive alleles and epistasis Dizygotic twins will often share more than 50% of their genes Monozygotic twins are often treated more similarity than dizygotic twins O Twins studies are a mechanism to understand the genetic and environmental components of a trait Twins reared apart are often adopted out to families of similar income, ethnicity, and religion
1. For a single locus with two alleles, A₁ and A₂: (a) Draw a graph (using graph paper) showing both the frequency of A₁ A2 heterozy- gotes and A₂ A₂ homozygotes, at Hardy-Weinberg frequencies, as functions of p (the frequency of A₁). Note that both p and the genotype frequencies should have values between 0 and 1. (b) Find the value of p above which A₁ A2 genotypes are more common than A₂42 genotypes. You can solve this algebraically, or estimate it from your graphs. 2. Consider three loci, A, B, and C, each with two alleles, with the frequencies of A₁, B₁, and C₁ all being We look at a population and find that there are four distinct haplotypes, shown here, each with a frequency of: A₁ B1 TT A1 C₁ B1 A₂ B₂ AT C₂ A₂ B₂ C₁ C₂ Of the three pairs of loci (AB, AC, and BC) which pair(s) are in Gametic Equilibrium (D = 0) and which are in Gametic Disequilibrium (D ‡0)? [Hint: Consider each pair separately, ignoring the other locus. For example: for the BC pair, consider the four…
Which of the following statements does NOT apply to the Hardy-Weinberg expression: p2 + 2pq + q2? Group of answer choices p2 is the frequency of individuals with the homozygous recessive genotype. 2pq is the frequency of individuals with the heterozygous genotype. It can be used to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of the previous and the next generations. Knowing either p2 or q2, you can calculate all the other frequencies
Assume that the concordance value for a particular trait is 85% for both monozygotic and dizygotic twins. What can be concluded about this trait? ○ It is caused by environmental factors in dizygotic twins but by genetic factors in monozygotic twins. It is likely caused almost exclusively by genetic factors. It is caused by both genetic factors and environmental factors. It is likely caused almost exclusively by environmental factors. It is caused by genetic factors in dizygotic twins but by environmental factors in monozygotic twins. Incorrect
1. The ability to taste the compound PTC is controlled by a dominant allele T, while individuals homozygous for the recessive allele (t) cannot taste PTC. In a population consisting of 500 individuals, 347 are tasters and 153 are non-PTC tasters. Calculate the frequency of the T and t alleles in this population, and frequency of the genotypes.(Please train yourself to use the Hardy-Weinberg equation.)To present your answers, follow the format in the picture below.