Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24, Problem 24.55AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
Diets that severely restrict carbohydrate intake often result in ketosis for the dieter. The reason behind this should be explained.
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in a
The general empirical formula for a carbohydrate is
Ketosis is a disorder of excessive production of ketone bodies.
A keto diet is where the
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One condition is ketoacidosis (low blood pH) which is a potentially life-threatening state, most commonly experienced by diabetics. Ketoacidosis, however, is not typically an issue for healthy people who are following a ketogenic diet. What is the difference between ketoacidosis and ketosis? Why do diabetics sometimes develop ketoacidosis, while healthy people rarely do? Healthy people are well equipped to survive on a ketogenic diet. Why is it important that humans evolved to have the ability to survive without carbohydrate nutrients?
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Chapter 24 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 24.1KCPCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.2PCh. 24.3 - Prob. 24.3PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.4KCPCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.5PCh. 24.5 - Prob. 24.6PCh. 24.5 - How much energy is released as ATP from the...Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.1CIAPCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.2CIAPCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.3CIAP
Ch. 24.6 - Prob. 24.8PCh. 24.6 - Prob. 24.9PCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.4CIAPCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.5CIAPCh. 24.7 - Prob. 24.6CIAPCh. 24.7 - What is atherosclerosis?Ch. 24.7 - Prob. 24.8CIAPCh. 24 - Oxygen is not a reactant in the oxidation of...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.12UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.13UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.14UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.15UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.16UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.17UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.18UKCCh. 24 - Prob. 24.19APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.20APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.21APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.22APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.23APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.24APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.25APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.26APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.27APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.28APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.29APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.30APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.33APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.34APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.35APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.36APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.37APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.38APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.39APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.40APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.41APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.42APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.43APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.44APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.45APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.46APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.47APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.48APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.49APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.50APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.51APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.52APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.53APCh. 24 - Individuals suffering from ketoacidosis have...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.55APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.56APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.57APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.58APCh. 24 - Why are fatty acids generally composed of an even...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.60APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.62APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.63APCh. 24 - Prob. 24.64CPCh. 24 - Prob. 24.66CPCh. 24 - Prob. 24.67CPCh. 24 - Prob. 24.68CPCh. 24 - Prob. 24.70GPCh. 24 - In the synthesis of cholesterol, acetyl-CoA is...Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.72GP
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- Explain why adipocytes need glucose as well as fatty acids in order to synthesize triacylglycerols.arrow_forwardThe “keto diet” is a dietary regimen in which carbohydrates are severely restricted, protein intake is low, and fat comprises 70–90% of daily calories. The diet causes “nutritional ketosis,” which is a different metabolic state than the ketosis that occurs in an untreated diabetic. The normal ketone body concentration is less than 0.6 mM. Explain why an individual on the keto diet may have a blood ketone body concentration of up to 3 mM. What biochemical pathways are active in an individual adhering to the keto diet? What pathways are largely inactive? Protein intake is kept low because a high-protein diet would inhibit ketosis. Explain why. Why might the keto diet lead to weight loss?arrow_forwardExplain why insulin is required for adipocytes to synthesize triacylglycerols from fatty acids.arrow_forward
- Define the following terms:a. b-oxidationb. carnitinec. ketogenesisd. ketone bodiese. ketosisarrow_forwardIn diabetes mellitus the activation of fatty acid oxidation causes ketosis. What disorder of acid-base balance may be caused by the excessive accumulation of ketone bodies in blood?arrow_forwardIn type I diabetes mellitus, excessive production of acetyl-CoA may surpass the body’s capacity to oxidize it. As a result, acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone (ketone bodies) accumulate. When generated in large amounts, blood pH falls, thereby reducing the capacity of red blood cells to carry oxygen. Explain in general terms how high concentrations of ketone bodies may result in a fatal coma.arrow_forward
- Why are the essential fatty acid associated with low incidence of heart disease? Cite some clinical signs of essential fatty acid deficiency. Explain how aspirin can block the synthesis of prostaglandins?arrow_forwardPancreatic β cells express a receptor for fatty acids. Fatty acid binding to the protein appears to stimulate insulin secretion. Does this phenomenon make metabolic sense?arrow_forwardExplain why triglycerides have a glucose-sparing effect.arrow_forward
- Proteolysis increases during the early phases of fasting, but later it decreases as the body adapts to using alternative energy sources. Given that feedback control mechanisms have not been described for intracellular proteases, how might you explain these apparent changes in protease activity?arrow_forwardKetoacidosis is a condition that can arise in an individual with diabetes due to excessive production of ketone bodies. Is this condition classified as metabolic acidosis or respiratory acidosis? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain why the proteolytic enzymes of the stomach and pancreas are synthesized in inactive forms.arrow_forward
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