(a) Interpretation: The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined. Concept Introduction: A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

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There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.

The rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.

A portion of the citric acid cycle is shown below. What are the identities of A and B? citrate → A→isocitrate → B A = cis-aconitate; B = a-ketoglutarate A = malate; B = fumarate A = cis-aconitate; B = oxaloacetate A = a-ketoglutarate; B = succinate A = succinate; B = a-ketoglutarate

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 48P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The atoms added or removed in each step are to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

A biochemical reaction refers to a chemical reaction in which one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings. These reactions occur via the help of certain biological enzymes that can alter the rate of the chemical reaction.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason for the steps [2a] and [2b] to be not considered as reduction or oxidation reactions although number of C-O and C-H bonds changes during these reactions needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation reaction is a chemical reaction in which a given chemical species gains or loose electrons during the chemical reaction. On the other hand, reduction reactions are those chemical reactions in which a chemical species either gains electrons or accepts hydrogen atoms.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The type of reactions which takes place in step [2a] and step [2b] of the given reaction is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Dehydration reactions are those chemical reactions which cause the loss of water molecules from the reactant molecule and results is the formation of products. On the other hand, hydration reaction is a type of chemical reaction in which a given chemical species combines with water to form new products.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.3 - The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.3 - Use the values for the hydrolysis of creatine...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.2PP Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8P

Solution Summary: The author explains that a biochemical reaction occurs when one molecule is transformed to different molecules present inside the cell of the living beings.

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Chapter 23 Solutions