Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The intermediate in the citric acid cycle containingone chiral center is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The citric acid cycle is a part of
(b)
Interpretation:
The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a tertiary alcohol is to be determined.
Concept Introduction:
The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide so as to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
- The image below shows the reactions of the citric acid cycle. Label the reaction types on the diagram. COO CH-OH CH₂ COO 8-5-9-8 HC H₂O NADH +H+ NAD+- FADH2 "7 FAD COO C=O CH₂ COO™ COO CH3-C-COA + H₂O acetyl-CoA COA COO™ Ī CH₂ HỌ—C—COO CH₂ COO™ COO HO-C-H COO™ COO™ CH₂ CH-COO NAD+ NAD+ + COA Attempt 2 NADH + H+ + CO2 NADH + H+ + CO2 COO™ CH₂ CH₂ C=O COO™arrow_forwardGlucagon secretion increases (A) After a carbohydrate-rich meal (B) After a fat-rich meal (C) When blood glucose is high (D) When blood glucose is lowarrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forward
- Which process below produces FADH2? The citric acid cycle The conversion of pyruvate Oxidative Phosphorylation O Glycolysisarrow_forwardA portion of the citric acid cycle is shown below. What are the identities of A and B? citrate → A→isocitrate → B A = cis-aconitate; B = a-ketoglutarate A = malate; B = fumarate A = cis-aconitate; B = oxaloacetate A = a-ketoglutarate; B = succinate A = succinate; B = a-ketoglutaratearrow_forwardStearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-, and then show all of the reactions). Draw & identify all of the compounds formed when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.arrow_forward
- The enzyme 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase is part of the pentose pathway for glucose oxidation. What enzyme that is involved in glucose oxidation by the citric acid cycle has a very similar reaction mechanism to 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase? A) isocitrate dehydrogenase B) alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase C) succinate dehydrogenase D) malate dehydrogenase E) pyruvate dehydrogenase (99+ RATI aarrow_forwardFatty acids cannot be converted into carbohydrates in the body as the following reaction is not possible. (A) Conversion of glucose-6-phosphate into glucose (B) Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate O(C) Transformation of acetyl CoA to pyruvate (D) Formation of acetyl CoA from fatty acidsarrow_forwardGlucose-6-phosphate detours to the hexose monophosphate shunt pathway in erythrocytes because:   Question 73 options:  A) They lack mitochondria making them incapable of the TCA cycle  B) They lack endoplasmic reticulum making them incapable of the TCA cycle  C) Erythrocytes have no energy needs  D) Erythrocytes utilize glucose directly for energyarrow_forward
- Consider this chemical reaction. What chemical is the oxidizing agent? COO™ HIC-H HIC-H FAD FADH₂ COO™ succinate FADH2 succinate FAD fumarate succinate dehydrogenase COO™ H-C -H COO fumaratearrow_forward(a) Convert the ball-and-stick model of A, one of the eight synthetic intermediates in the citric acid cycle, to a structural formula, and name the compound. (b) What is the immediate precursor of A in the citric acid cycle; that is, what compound forms A as a reaction product? (c) What compound is formed from A in the citric acid cycle?arrow_forwardWhich intermediate(s) in the citric acid cycle contain two chirality centers? Which intermediate(s) contain a secondary alcohol? Please write the name(s) of the intermediate(s) given beneath the structures.arrow_forward
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