(a) Interpretation: The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined. Concept Introduction: The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

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(a) Which intermediate(s) in the citric acid cycle contain one chirality center? (b) Which intermediate(s) contain a 3 °alcohol?

Step 7 of the citric acid cycle is shown. Which statement best describes what occurs in this step? CO₂ 1 CH || CH + H₂O CO₂ fumarate CO₂™ fumarase HO C-H CH₂ CO₂ malate A) Fumarate undergoes hydrogenation with hydrogens and electrons provided by the enzyme fumarase. B) Fumarate undergoes hydration with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. C) Fumarate undergoes hydrolysis with the aid of the enzyme fumarase. D) Fumarate undergoes reduction with the aid of the cofactor fumarase.

For the following carbohydrates, please indicate the TRUE alternative: (a) The carbohydrate V is reducing and is hydrolyzed by an enzyme of the type β galactosidase (b) Carbohydrate VI is not reducing or mutating. (c) Carbohydrates I and IV have β-glucosidic bond, while carbohydrate II has α-glucosidic bond. (d) Carbohydrate III is neither reducing nor hydrolyzed by an α-type enzyme such as maltase. (e) Carbohydrate I is reducing and mutating.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

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Answer 5

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Answer 6

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Answer 7

Chapter 23, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains a secondary alcohol is to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

The citric acid cycle is a part of metabolic pathway can chemically convert carbohydrates, proteins and fats into water and carbon dioxide to generate a form of working energy. Other significant reactions which takes place in this pathway are those which occur in glycolysis and the pyruvate oxidation which occurs before the citric acid cycle and oxidative phosphorylation takes place after it.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1P Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2P Ch. 23.3 - The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3P Ch. 23.3 - Use the values for the hydrolysis of creatine...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.2PP Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.5P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7P Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the intermediate in the citric acid cycle which contains two chiral centers is to be determined.

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Chapter 23 Solutions