General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 23.5, Problem 23.11P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The enzyme which converts malate to oxaloacetate in the step [8] of the citric acid cycle is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A biochemical reaction refers to a
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There are eight chemical reactions that occur in the citric acid cycle process. The reactions of the citric acid cycle are shown in the figure below. You were introduced to several classes of organic reactions. These classes include esterification, decarboxylation, hydration reactions, dehydration of alcohols, oxidation of alcohols, oxidation of aldehydes, reduction of aldehydes, and reduction of ketones. Find at least one of these reaction classes in the citric acid cycle. List the reaction number and the reaction. Write a sentence or two on how you were able to make the classification.
Refer to the following reaction. The substrate of this reaction is called
through a mechanism called "Feed Forward Activation".
(A) Phosphoenolpyruvate, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate
Lactate, NADH
OPO₂²-
ADP ATP
J = 4
O
H₂C
H₂C
2-phosphoglycerate, AMP
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, ATP
and the enzyme is activated by high conc. of
The enzyme that catalyzes reaction below can be classified as:
NAD*
NADH + H*
Но-
H-Ć-
Н—с—н
H-
malate
dehydrogenase
Oxaloacetate
Malate
Chapter 23 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 23.1PCh. 23.3 - Prob. 23.2PCh. 23.3 - The phosphorylation of glucose to glucose...Ch. 23.3 - Prob. 23.3PCh. 23.3 - Use the values for the hydrolysis of creatine...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 23.2PPCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.5PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.6PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.7PCh. 23.4 - Prob. 23.8P
Ch. 23.5 - Prob. 23.3PPCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.9PCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.10PCh. 23.5 - Prob. 23.11PCh. 23.6 - Prob. 23.12PCh. 23.6 - At several points in the electron transport chain,...Ch. 23.6 - In which region of the mitochondrion-the matrix or...Ch. 23 - Prob. 15PCh. 23 - Explain why mitochondria are called the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 17PCh. 23 - Prob. 18PCh. 23 - Prob. 19PCh. 23 - Prob. 20PCh. 23 - What are coupled reactions and why does coupling...Ch. 23 - Prob. 22PCh. 23 - Prob. 23PCh. 23 - Prob. 24PCh. 23 - Prob. 25PCh. 23 - Prob. 26PCh. 23 - Prob. 27PCh. 23 - Prob. 28PCh. 23 - Prob. 29PCh. 23 - Prob. 30PCh. 23 - Prob. 31PCh. 23 - Prob. 32PCh. 23 - (a) Draw the structure of the high-energy...Ch. 23 - Prob. 34PCh. 23 - Classify each substance as an oxidizing agent, a...Ch. 23 - Classify each substance as an oxidizing agent, a...Ch. 23 - When a substrate is oxidized, is NAD+ oxidized or...Ch. 23 - When a substrate is reduced, is FADH2 oxidized or...Ch. 23 - Prob. 39PCh. 23 - Prob. 40PCh. 23 - Prob. 41PCh. 23 - Prob. 42PCh. 23 - Prob. 43PCh. 23 - Prob. 44PCh. 23 - Prob. 45PCh. 23 - Prob. 46PCh. 23 - The conversion of isocitrate to ketoglutarate in...Ch. 23 - Prob. 48PCh. 23 - Prob. 49PCh. 23 - Prob. 50PCh. 23 - Prob. 51PCh. 23 - What is the role of each of the following in the...Ch. 23 - What is the role of each of the following in the...Ch. 23 - Prob. 54PCh. 23 - Prob. 55PCh. 23 - Prob. 56PCh. 23 - Prob. 57PCh. 23 - Prob. 58PCh. 23 - Prob. 59PCh. 23 - Prob. 60PCh. 23 - Prob. 61PCh. 23 - Prob. 62PCh. 23 - Prob. 63PCh. 23 - Prob. 64PCh. 23 - Prob. 65PCh. 23 - Prob. 66PCh. 23 - Prob. 67PCh. 23 - Prob. 68PCh. 23 - Prob. 69PCh. 23 - Prob. 70PCh. 23 - Prob. 71PCh. 23 - Prob. 72PCh. 23 - Prob. 73PCh. 23 - Prob. 74PCh. 23 - Prob. 75CPCh. 23 - Prob. 76CP
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- Identify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, a decarboxylase, a dehydrogenase, a lipase, or a phosphatase.arrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step is a metabolic pathway is the slowest step which determines the overall rate of the other reactions in the pathway. In glycolysis, the rate limiting step is a phosphorylation reaction where phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) catalyzes the reaction fructose-6-bisphosphate -> fructose-1,6-bisphosphate, the same step in gluconeogenesis. Select one: The statement is FALSE. The statement is TRUE.arrow_forwardThe enzyme catalysts for which gene expression levels are increased during gluconeogenesis in the liver are: pyruvate carboxylase, aldolase, and phosphofructokinase glucose-6-phosphatase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, pyruvate carboxylase, and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase hexokinase, phosphofructokinase 1, phosphofructokinase 2, and pyruvate kinase glucose-6-kinase, aldolase, and enolasearrow_forward
- If you discover a mutant yeast whose glycolytic pathway was shorter because of the presence of a new enzyme catalyzing the reaction as shown below: NAD* NADH + H* Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + H, 3-phosphoglycerate Would shortening the glycolytic pathway in this way benefit the cell? Explain.arrow_forwardStearic acid is the common name for the C18 straight-chain, saturated fatty acid. Draw the structure of the fatty acyl-CoA that this forms (you don't have to draw out all of the atoms in coenzyme A; you can represent it as S-, and then show all of the reactions). Draw & identify all of the compounds formed when the eighteen carbon fat is converted to two molecules of acetyl-CoA and the fourteen-carbon fat via two turns of the fatty acid spiral. List the enzymes and coenzymes that are part of the pathway.arrow_forwardIdentify the enzyme needed in each of the following reactions as an isomerase, a decarboxylase, a dehydrogenase, a protease, or a phosphatase.arrow_forward
- What type of specificity (absolute, group, linkage, or stereochemical) is associated with each of the following enzymes? a. Sucrase b. A lipase c. A decarboxylase d. L-glutamate oxidasearrow_forwardName and contrast the two types of modulators.arrow_forwardWhat type of specificity (absolute, group, linkage, or stereochemical) is associated with each of the following enzymes? a. A deaminase b. A phosphatase c. Maltase d. L-Lactate dehydrogenasearrow_forward
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