Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 22, Problem 22.64AP
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation:
The pyruvate cannot be converted to glucose in an exact reverse of the glycolysis pathway has to be explained.
Concept Introduction:
Glycolysis: This is one of biochemical pathway that breakdown a molecules of glucose into two molecules of pyruvate and producing for some energy.
Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and has two major phases.
- Energy investment phase
- Energy payoff phase
These processes lactate from pyruvate in an animal organism and in a variety of microorganism in anaerobic conditions.
The conversion of glucose into lactate is called lactic acid formation,
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Explain why pyruvate cannot be converted to glucose in an exact reverse of the glycolysis pathway.
When 1 mole
of fructose
1,6-bisphosphate is
converted to 2 moles
of pyruvate via the
glycolysis pathway, the
net formation of: *
Of the 36 molecules of ATP produced by the complete metabolism of glucose, how many are produced directly in glycolysis alone, that is, before the common pathway?
Chapter 22 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 22.1PCh. 22.2 - Prob. 22.2PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.3PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.4PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.5PCh. 22.3 - Prob. 22.6KCPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.1CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.2CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.3CIAPCh. 22.4 - Explain the chemical process that leads to...
Ch. 22.4 - Prob. 22.5CIAPCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.7PCh. 22.4 - Prob. 22.8PCh. 22.5 - In alcoholic fermentation, each mole of pyruvate...Ch. 22.5 - Name three ways humans have exploited the ability...Ch. 22.5 - Pyruvate has three different fates. What are the...Ch. 22.6 - Prob. 22.12PCh. 22.6 - Prob. 22.13PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.14PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.15PCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.16KCPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.6CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.7CIAPCh. 22.7 - Prob. 22.8CIAPCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.17PCh. 22.8 - Prob. 22.18PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.19PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.20PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.21PCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.9CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.10CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.11CIAPCh. 22.9 - Prob. 22.12CIAPCh. 22 - What class of enzymes catalyzes the majority of...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.23UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.24UKCCh. 22 - Prob. 22.25UKCCh. 22 - Classify each enzyme of glycolysis into one of the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.27UKCCh. 22 - Name the molecules used for gluconeogenesis. What...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.31APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.32APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.33APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.34APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.35APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.36APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.37APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.38APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.39APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.40APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.41APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.42APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.43APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.44APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.45APCh. 22 - Review the 10 steps in glycolysis (Figure 22.3)...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.47APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.49APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.50APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.51APCh. 22 - How many moles of acetyl-CoA are produced by the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.53APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.54APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.55APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.56APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.57APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.58APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.59APCh. 22 - Why does glycogenolysis use fewer steps than the...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.61APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.62APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.63APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.64APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.65APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.66APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.67APCh. 22 - Prob. 22.68APCh. 22 - Why can pyruvate cross the mitochondrial membrane...Ch. 22 - Look at the glycolysis pathway (Figure 22.3). With...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.71CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.72CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.74CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.75CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.76CPCh. 22 - Why is it important for the cell that the NADH...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.78CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.79CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.80CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.81CPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.82GPCh. 22 - Prob. 22.83GPCh. 22 - It is important to avoid air when making wine, so...Ch. 22 - Prob. 22.85GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- How many total (NOT NET) molecules of ATP are synthesized from ADP via glycolysis of a single molecule of glucose? Explain by detailing the reactions (steps) involved.arrow_forwardStarting with pyruvate (CH3COCOO—) as the precursor, the first step of gluconeogenesis is activation of pyruvate. Show the reaction for activation of pyruvate. Name the enzyme and coenzyme for this reaction. Why is the activation step necessary? What is the next step after the activation step?arrow_forwardWhy is it important that gluconeogenesis is not the exact reversal of glycolysis?arrow_forward
- Glucose is converted to pyruvate in glycolysis, yielding a netsynthesis of 2 ATP. In certain cells pyruvate can be reconverted to glucose during gluconeogenesis. How many ATPsare required to convert pyruvate back to glucose?arrow_forwardExplain the fate of electrons that are removed during the oxidation of triose phosphates during the glycolysis.Also explain the glucose be "primed" with a high energy phosphate bond before it can be degraded in the glycolytic pathway.arrow_forwardThe last step of glycolysis converts phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. Several intermediates involved in the steps for the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate via gluconeogenesis are given. Choose and place the right intermediates produced from these steps in the correct order. (Select from: Oxaloacetate, Ethanol, Pyruvate, Ketoglutarate, Phosphoenolpyruvate, Malate, Fumarate) _________ → _________ → _________ → __________ → Phosphoenolpyruvatearrow_forward
- In glycolysis, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate is considered irreversible. Yet, in gluconeogenesis, this "irreverisble" reaction is bypassed and pyruvate is eventually converted to PEP. Explain how gluconeogenesis bypasses this irreverisble reaction. Include the enzymes required to convert pyruvate to PEP + the intermediate that is created. Imagine a scenario where the PDH complex has picked up an "activating" mutation causing it to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA in an unregulated manner.There is way too much acetyl CoA than is actually necessary. Explain in a sentence or two how the body would compensate for thisarrow_forwardUnder anaerobic conditions, pyruvate will be converted to lactic acid. Why does this occur? To convert NADH to NAD* to feed back into glycolysis To supply the glycolysis reaction glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate with needed electrons in the form of NADH Because lactic acid can be converted to glucose to feed back into glycolysis Because lactic acid is needed to resupply glycolysis with electrons Oarrow_forwardDuring gluconeogenesis, the three irreversible steps of glycolysis have to be bypassed. The first step is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Which of the following statement is false regarding the reaction step? Select one: a. Conversion of oxaloacetate from pyruvate occurs in mitochondria and shuttled into the cytosol. b. Formation of phosphoenolpyruvate requires both ATP and GTP as an energy source. c. Acetyl CoA is an activator of enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. d. This reaction involves two-step process catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinasearrow_forward
- Is the statement much of the regulation of gluconeogenesis a result of the inhibition of glycolysis incorrect or correct?arrow_forwardWhich of the following cellular concentrations would be likely to increase the rate of glycolysis? Low AMP levels High glucagon levels ✓Low fructose-2,6-bisphosphate levels High AMP levels High phosphoenolpyruvate levels Low ATP levelsarrow_forwardThe first step in glycolysis can be catalyzed by both hexokinase and glucokinase. Describe two differences between these enzymes.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Metabolic Pathways; Author: Wisc-Online;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m61bQYio9ys;License: Standard Youtube License