Genetics: Analysis and Principles
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781259616020
Author: Robert J. Brooker Professor Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 22, Problem 1EQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The way, by which, recombinant bacteria produce hormones that are normally produced by humans.
Introduction:
Recombinant bacteria or genetically modified bacteria are produced when a gene of interest is introduced in bacterial genetic material. This bacterium, host, is then, made to produce clones. The process is in vitro and takes place in a controlled environment. The production of multiple copies of the host is followed by the isolation of the gene of interest.
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Regarding the cultivation of animal cells in vitro, it is correct to state that: *(Only one statement is correct)
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If we were to clone this gene directly from the nuclear DNA, bacteria would not be able to express the insulin protein. Explain why this is true
Chapter 22 Solutions
Genetics: Analysis and Principles
Ch. 22.1 - 1. Which of the following uses of microorganisms...Ch. 22.1 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 22.1 - Prob. 3COMQCh. 22.2 - When a cloned gene is inserted into a noncritical...Ch. 22.2 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 22.3 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 22.3 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 22.4 - Prob. 1COMQCh. 22.4 - Prob. 2COMQCh. 22.5 - A means of introducing a cloned gene into cells...
Ch. 22.5 - 2. Which of the following best describes the...Ch. 22 - 1. What is a recombinant microorganism? Discuss...Ch. 22 - Prob. 2CONQCh. 22 - 3. What is bioremediation? What is the difference...Ch. 22 - Prob. 4CONQCh. 22 - Prob. 5CONQCh. 22 - Prob. 6CONQCh. 22 - 7. What is a transgenic organism? Describe three...Ch. 22 - Prob. 8CONQCh. 22 - Explain the difference between gene modification...Ch. 22 - As described inChapter 5, not all inherited traits...Ch. 22 - Prob. 11CONQCh. 22 - 12. Discuss the concerns that some people have...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1EQCh. 22 - 2. Bacillus thuringiensis makes toxins that kill...Ch. 22 - Prob. 3EQCh. 22 - Prob. 4EQCh. 22 - Prob. 5EQCh. 22 - What is a gene knockout? Is an animal or plant...Ch. 22 - Prob. 7EQCh. 22 - Evidence [see P. G. Shiels, A. J. Kind, K. H....Ch. 22 - Prob. 9EQCh. 22 - 10. What is reproductive cloning? Are identical...Ch. 22 - Researchers have identified a gene in humans that...Ch. 22 - Treatment of adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency...Ch. 22 - Several research studies are under way that...Ch. 22 - Prob. 1QSDCCh. 22 - 2. A commercially available strain of P....Ch. 22 - Prob. 3QSDC
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- explain how a wild type PAH enzyme works to process phenylalanine and how a mutated PAH enzyme could lead to PKU.arrow_forwardGive three reasons why liposomes/nanoparticles are attractive drug delivery system for recombinant protein preparations?arrow_forwarda) enzymes are used to assemble an insulin gene, which is then attached to bacterial DNA. b) bacterial DNA is cut from a human DNA strand and inserted into a human cell to form an insulin gene. c) the insulin gene is cut out of a human DNA strand using an enzyme and inserted into bacterial DNA, thereby enabling the bacteria to produce a human protein. d) a gene is deleted from bacterial DNA to produce an insulin gene, which is then inserted into human DNA.arrow_forward
- Usually, bacteria only make tryptophan when tryptophan is absent or available in low concentration. However, a particular bacterial mutation makes tryptophan all the time whether or not tryptophan is present. What could explain this phenotype? A) the terminator hairpin is unable to form B) the antiterminator hairpin is unable to form C) trpE is mutated D) trpD is mutated E) trpA is mutatedarrow_forwardThe enzymes mentioned below are used as tools during cloning, DNA sequencing and/or gene therapy. Explain what they are used for. Also mention the actual biological function of the respective enzymes. T7 RNA polymerase reverse transcriptase RNaseHarrow_forwardUsing a flow diagram, elaborate on how you would generate a recombinant plasmid that can be used for the expression of a therapeutic insulin.arrow_forward
- As shown , several medical agents are now commercially produced by genetically engineered microorganisms. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of making these agents this way.arrow_forwardUsing a named example, discuss the advantages of using E. coli to produce recombinant proteins.arrow_forwardConsider three genes in E. coli: thr+, ara+, and leu+ (which give the cell the ability to synthesize threonine, arabinose, and leucine, respectively). All three of these genes are close together on the E. coli chromosome. Phages are grown in a thr+ ara+ leu+ strain of bacteria (the donor strain). The phage lysate is collected and used to infect a strain of bacteria that is thr− ara− leu −. The recipient bacteria are then tested on selective medium lacking leucine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (leu+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking threonine and on medium lacking arabinose to see which are thr+ and which are ara+. Another group of the recipient bacteria are tested on medium lackingthreonine. Bacteria that grow and form colonies on this medium (thr+ transductants) are then replica-plated on medium lacking leucine and onto medium lacking arabinose to see which are ara+ and which are leu+. Results from these experiments are as follows:…arrow_forward
- Explain the function of reverse transcriptase.arrow_forwardBacteria are often the preferred hosts for genetic engineering projects by splicing in novel genes from eukaryotes into plasmids, which are moved into competent bacteria. For instance, the gene for human insulin was isolated and moved into a bacterium, which can now produce the much-needed chemical. Previously, type 1 diabetics had to rely on professionals that gathered insulin from human cadavers, cows, and pigs. In order for this feat of genetic engineering to occur, researchers had to start with an unspliced mRNA transcript for h insulin. Agree/Disagree? Explain your response.arrow_forwardArrange the steps that would be used in a laboratory to engineer a bacterium that could express the human gene coding for factor VIII. Not all steps will be placed. Isolate the human gene that produces factor VIII. Isolate the mRNA of the factor VIII gene. Generate cDNA of the factor VIII gene using reverse transcriptase. Incorrect Insert the factor VIII cDNA into a bacterial vector near a promoter site. Transform the vector into an E. coli bacterium. Human DNA is introduced into the bacterial cell using direct injection by a small needle. E. coli expresses factor VIII. Answer Bank The factor VIII protein is isolated from human tissues.arrow_forward
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genetic recombination strategies of bacteria CONJUGATION, TRANSDUCTION AND TRANSFORMATION; Author: Scientist Cindy;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Va8FZJEl9A;License: Standard youtube license