Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 21, Problem 14RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The nitrogen-fixation for plants by bacterial mutualists.
Introduction:
The relationship of mutualism involves two or more species that benefit from each other. It is a type of ecological interaction that is vital for the functioning of the
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Soil microorganisms, collectively referred to as dizotrophs, fix 90% of the inert nitrogen gas to
ammonium and nitrate. There are two-main types of nitrogen-fixing bacteria: free-living (nonsymbiotic)
and mutualistic (symbiotic). Describe the mutualistic relationship between Rhizobium and legumes. What
is the advantage of using legumes as a cover crop in agricultural systems?
A point of interest is that the nitrogenase enzyme complex is highly sensitive to oxygen. This is a major
problem for free-living aerobic species such as cyanobacteria and species of the genera Azotobacter and
Beiigrinckia. Describe two ways the bacteria can overcome to levels of oxygen in their cells.
Discuss the three stages in the formation of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing associations in legumes.
Which is false among A-E regarding symbiotic nitrogen fixation?
A) O Initiation of the symbiosis involves communication between the plant and bacteria
B)O Within the plant, the bacteria differentiate into N2 fixing bacteroids
C) O The N2-fixation process is sensitive to oxygen.
D) O The bacteria infect the root of the plant via an infection thread.
E) O None are false; A-E are all true,
Chapter 21 Solutions
Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
Ch. 21.1 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21.1 - Prob. 2TQCh. 21.1 - Prob. 3TQCh. 21.2 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 2TQCh. 21.4 - Prob. 3TQCh. 21.5 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 2TQ
Ch. 21.6 - Prob. 3TQCh. 21.6 - Prob. 4TQCh. 21 - Prob. 1RQCh. 21 - Prob. 2RQCh. 21 - Prob. 3RQCh. 21 - Prob. 4RQCh. 21 - Prob. 5RQCh. 21 - Prob. 6RQCh. 21 - Prob. 7RQCh. 21 - Prob. 8RQCh. 21 - Prob. 9RQCh. 21 - Prob. 10RQCh. 21 - Prob. 11RQCh. 21 - Prob. 12RQCh. 21 - Prob. 13RQCh. 21 - Prob. 14RQCh. 21 - Prob. 1TQCh. 21 - Prob. 2TQCh. 21 - Prob. 3TQ
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- Explain the consequences to the nitrogen gas in the atmosphere if all the nitrogen- fixation prokrayotes would die suddenly.arrow_forwardAtmospheric nitrogen can be useda) directly by all living organisms.b) only by aerobic bacteria.c) only by anaerobic bacteria.d) in symbiotic relationships between rhizobia and plants.e) in photosynthesis.arrow_forwardThe practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Why would nitrogen-fixing plants be plowed under instead of harvested? a) To increases usable nitrogen in the soil. b) To increase water retention. c) Nitrogen-fixing plants are not a food crop. d) To decrease bacteria in the soil.arrow_forward
- Mention 5 examples that can carry out the metabolic pathways of assimilation in the nitrogen cycle.arrow_forwardWhat is the principle underlying the use of cyanobacteria in agricultural fields for crop improvement?arrow_forwardWhat product is generated by assimilation in the nitrogen cycle.arrow_forward
- The practice of crop rotation uses nitrogen fixation to create fertile fields. First, a plant without a nitrogen-fixing relationship, such as corn, is planted. After the harvest, a nitrogen-fixing plant replaces the initial crop. Instead of harvesting the nitrogen-fixing plant, however, it is plowed under. The cycle continues in this manner. Crop rotation would allow the farmer to reduce which of the following? a) Planting seeds. b) Watering the fields. c) The use of manufactured fertilizer. d) The burning of fossil fuels by farm equipment.arrow_forwardMake a diagram showing the interconnection between carbon and nitrogen cycle. Indicate possible microorganisms (scientific name) involved in each process.arrow_forwardList some genera of free-living and symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria.arrow_forward
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