Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393615098
Author: John W. Foster, Joan L. Slonczewski
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 19, Problem 2RQ
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The archaeal features that share genetic similarities with bacteria and the features that share similarities with eukaryotes.
Introduction:
A comparison of archaeal genes with bacteria and eukaryotes have revealed that they share genetic similarities with both of these groups. This provides evidence for the evolutionary relationship between the groups. Some features of archaeal genome structures are unique while some traits are similar to prokaryotes and others resemble to that of eukaryotes.
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Microbiology: An Evolving Science (Fourth Edition)
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- In studying Lokiarchaeota, researchers identified eukaryotic signature genes and used this information to better understand the relationship between archaeans and eukaryotes. Many other types of genetic analysis can be used that focus on certain types of genes. One example of this is multilocus sequence typing (MLST), which focuses on examining genes called housekeeping genes. Microbes encode both housekeeping and pathogenic genes in their genome. Drag the examples of genes to the correct bins to indicate whether they are housekeeping genes, pathogenic genes, or eukaryotic signature genes. Place the phrase describing a gene product in the correct bin. ► View Available Hint(s) peptidoglycan synthesis genes Housekeeping genes membrane remodeling genes cytoskeletal genes membrane lipid genes Pathogenic genes endotoxin genes Reset ribosomal genes exotoxin genes Eukaryotic signature genes Helparrow_forwardHow can the small size and haploid genome of Bacteria andArchaea accelerate their evolution?arrow_forwardWhat is one of the species of Doamin Archea? What was is it determined to be a member of the Domain Archaea rather than the Domain Bacteria?arrow_forward
- What are the key factors influencing the genomic diversity and evolution of bacterial populations?arrow_forwardWhat are the 4 characteristics/properties of rRNA genes which make them good molecular chronometers. Why viruses are not found in the tree of life? Why might viable cell cultures be of more use in microbial taxonomy than preserved specimens? Is it possible to provide a formal name for a microorganism that has not been cultivated in isolation? What kind of name might be used if a microorganism is well-characterized but cannot yet be cultivated in isolation?arrow_forwardWhy did Carl Woese propose the domain Archaea? The domain Bacteria already had too many organisms in its classification. The methanogens were discovered to be a complex organism, between prokaryotic bacteria and eukaryotes, thus it needed its own domain. He discovered that methanogens were too large to be classified as bacteria, but too small to be classified as Eukarya. In analyzing the rRNA of methanogens, he discovered that it was completely distinct from any other bacterial RRNA that had been studied. The DNA of methanogens was discovered to use different nucleotides than those of organisms in Eukarya or Bacteria.arrow_forward
- Which among A-C is not matched correctly? A) O Pseudomurien: comprises cell wall of Archaea B) O Mycoplasma: bacterial species that lack a cell wall C) OMycolic acıds: unusual cell wall components of Mycobacteria species ) O All are matched correctlyarrow_forwardSome degree of genetic exchange occurs in bacteria, which reproduce mostly asexually. What evolutionary factors should be considered in debating whether or not the biological species concept (BSC) can be applied to bacteria?arrow_forwardHow many species of Bacteria and Archaea have been named?How many likely exist?arrow_forward
- The universal phylogenetic tree of life shows the divergence of Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. Studies of Lokiarchaeota help to elucidate these relationships, but the first universal tree of life was constructed by Carl Woese using ribosomal RNA sequences. There are advantages to using different types of nucleic acid for different types of analyses. What is a specific advantage of using small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences for phylogenetic analysis compared with DNA sequences? ▸ View Available Hint(s) SSU rRNA sequences accumulate mutations more rapidly than protein-encoding DNA. SSU rRNA is frequently transferred through horizontal gene transfer, whereas DNA sequences are not. Primers are required in DNA sequence analysis, but not for SSU rRNA sequence analysis. Although PCR products can be visualized with SSU rRNA, this is not the case with other forms of nucleic acids. DNA sequences are too highly conserved to work well for sequence analysis; individual species are…arrow_forwardWhat are archaea and what do they have to do with genomics the study of genomes?arrow_forwardCompare the sizes and coding capacity of prokaryoticgenomes with those of eukaryotes. What other featuresdistinguish them?arrow_forward
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