Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 19, Problem 24ESP
Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but if H3K4 and H4K20 are also methylated, the combination of modifications stimulates transcription. What conclusions can you draw about this?
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Consider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence
5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription?
Group of answer choices
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination.
Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds.
a. How do bacteria increase the efficiency of gene expression? Is this possible in eukaryotes?
b. A mutation in the promoter of Gene K disrupts an enzyme binding site and results in the loss of
Gene K expression. Is this change in gene expression likely happening at the transcriptional or the
translational level? Explain.
c. Propose three different mutations to prevent initiation, elongation, and termination of bacterial
transcription, respectively. Explain how/why each mutation would prevent its respective step. (Hint:
mutations can be in genes that encode proteins or regulatory DNA sequences)
Histone methylation can have many different effects on gene expression. In some cases, histone methylation is associated with activation of transcription, whereas in other cases it can trigger the formation of heterochromatin and a decrease in transcription. If histone methylation has been detected in the region of gene YFG in yeast, describe an experiment that could distinguish whether the methylation is important to activate or repress transcription of gene YFG.
Chapter 19 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 19 - Although histone modifications can activate or...Ch. 19 - Prob. 2NSTCh. 19 - Prob. 1CSCh. 19 - Prob. 2CSCh. 19 - A couple well informed about the epigenetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 1PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 2PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 3PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 4PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 5PDQ
Ch. 19 - Prob. 6PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 7PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 8PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 9PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 10PDQCh. 19 - What are the functions of IncRNAs in epigenetic...Ch. 19 - Prob. 12PDQCh. 19 - What are the differences and similarities among...Ch. 19 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 15PDQCh. 19 - Should fertility clinics be required by law to...Ch. 19 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 19 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 19 - A developmental disorder in humans called spina...Ch. 19 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 19 - PraderWilli syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder...Ch. 19 - Prob. 22ESPCh. 19 - Prob. 23ESPCh. 19 - Methylation of H3K9 by itself silences genes, but...
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- 3′-->5′ Exonuclease activity allows DNA polymerase III (Pol III) to back-up and fix a mismatched base pair that was just incorporated into a growing strand of new DNA. True Or False In one of the four ways to regulate gene expression, positive control with repression indicates that transcription is activated in the presence of a co-repressor. True Or Falsearrow_forwardWhy might repression of a eukaryotic gene by an RNA be more efficient than repression by a protein repressor? O Protein repressors only prevent the synthesis of a single splice variant of a gene. O RNA repressors bind directly to nucleotide sequences in genes, preventing their transcription. O Protein repressors are inherently unstable, so they degrade quickly and do not completely repress genes. O Synthesis of RNA repressors is less energetically costly than that of protein repressors.arrow_forwardYou are teaching a class on the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. In order to demonstrate this complex process, you decide to draw for the class a typical eukaryotic gene/transcription unit with its major regions, such as the promoter regions, where the RNA polymerase II and transcription factors would bind From the list given - choose all components that you think are part of a typical eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all the regulatory sequences that you think would control the expression of this eukaryotic gene From the list given - choose all of the regulatory proteins that would bind the eukaryotic gene to control its expressionarrow_forward
- There are similarities and differences during regulation of gene expression in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Promoters, transcription factors and RNA polymerase are essential elements in transcription but their properties and function may differ.a) Predict the outcome or consequences of mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II in eukaryote without the presence of transcription factors (TF).arrow_forwardThe level of transcription of a gene is tested by creating deletions in the gene as shown in the illustration. These modified genes are tested for their level of transcription: (++) normal transcription levels • (+) low transcription levels (+++) high transcription levels. Which deletion is in an enhancer involved in regulating the gene? Normal gene 2 3 4 ++ Deletion 1 3 4 +++ Deletion 2 1 3 4 ++ Deletion 3 1 3 + Deletion 4 2 4 ++ 4+arrow_forwardATM is a kinase that phosphorylates histone H2AX in response to double-stranded DNA breaks. Which of the following scenarios would most quickly regulate ATM activity in the cell? a) Adding silencing methyl groups to cytosines in the Atm gene b) Modifying the histone code for the Atm gene c) Increasing expression of a miRNA specific for the Atm mRNA d) Activating an E3 ubiquitin ligase specific for the ATM proteinarrow_forward
- The MAT locus allows yeast to switch mating type through a very complex mechanism. However, it has informed us a great deal about what aspects of gene expression typical to all organisms? Options: higher order changes in chromatin affect transcriptional efficiency that general transcription factors must first bind directly to histone tails and only then can they interact with their cognate binding sites that DNA methylation is involved in this silencing mechanism that SIR2 is required for all types of transcriptional repression that expression of Pol III genes provides a means of identifying active chromatinarrow_forwardHelp me pleasearrow_forwardIn 3-4 sentences eachExplain the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic transcription. Explain the difference between an activator and a repressor? Explain the difference between a promoter and an enhancer? Explain the difference between an intron and an exon? Explain what happens when eIF-2 is phosphorylated and when it is not phosphorylated?arrow_forward
- Some animals like C. elegans, do not have 5-methylcytosine, but do have methylated adenine. It is not known that the methylated adenine replaces the function of methylated cytosine, but, if it does, which of the following would you predict? That removing the methyl groups from adenines in C. elegans would increase gene expression That removing the methyl groups from adenines in C. elegans would decrease gene expression That removing the methyl groups from adenines C. elegans would have no effect on gene expressionarrow_forwardComplete Table 1, indicating how much (lots, little, none) of the above gene product would be made given the following mutations: • Mutation in the operator that reduces the affinity of the operator for the repressor protein (operator-constitutive mutants=0°)? Mutation in the promoter that reduces the affinity of the promoter for RNA polymerase (P)? Mutation in the repressor gene such that the protein has lost the ability to bind allolactose (superrepressor mutant = I³)? Mutation in the repressor gene such that the protein has lost the ability to bind the operator (I)? Gene Status normal 0° P- IS I- + lactose - lactosearrow_forwardConsider the Rho-dependent terminator sequence 5’CCCAGCCCGCCUAAUGAGCGGCCUUUUUUUU-3’. What affect would a point mutation at any one of the bolded and underlined nucleotides disrupt termination of transcription? Group of answer choices 1.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, but not affect the formation of the hairpin and termination proceeds. 2.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would have no affect on base pairing, so the termination hairpin is formed and termination proceeds. 3.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would not disrupt base pairing, but would prevent the formation of the hairpin and disrupt termination. 4.Mutation in one of these nucleotides would disrupt base pairing, preventing the formation of the hairpin and disrupting termination.arrow_forward
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