To determine: The histone H3 modifications that are associated with the activation of the gene.
Introduction: Histone modifications take place at specific amino acids in the N-terminal tail of histones H3, H4, 2A, and 2B.
To determine: The H3 modifications that are associated with repression of gene expression.
Introduction: The sum of the complex patterns and interactions within the histone molecules is known as the histone code.
(a)
To determine: Whether there are any overlaps on the lists of H3 modifications.
Introduction: Over twenty different chemical modifications can be made to histones. The major alterations include the addition of acetyl, phosphate, and methyl groups.
(b)
To determine: Whether the overlaps can be explained by different modifications.
Introduction: Histone modifications are covalent posttranscriptional modifications of amino acids near the N-terminal ends of histone proteins.
(c)
To determine: The other way to explain the overlaps.
Introduction: Amino acids are considered as building blocks of protein. Lysine is an amino acid. The process of formation of proteins from RNA is known as translation.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 19 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
- Proteins that are retained in the ER have a KDEL sequence at their C-terminus. To test the idea that KDEL is both necessary and sufficient for retention in the ER, two experiments were performed. First, it was deleted from protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and this form of PDI got secreted. Second, it was attached to a peptide growth hormone, which is normally secreted from the cell. This modified peptide still got secreted. Which interpretation does this support? The data do not allow for an interpretation, additional experiments are needed. KDEL is sufficient but not necessary for ER retention. KDEL is both necessary and sufficient for ER retention. KDEL is necessary but not sufficient for ER retention.arrow_forwardUsing the transcription unit diagrammed below, in which exons are represented by blue boxes and introns are represented by the connecting lines. You discover a single base deletion in region E of this DNA sequence. Regarding transcription, this mutation will likely: 1.) Result in an alteration to the mRNA sequence. 2.)Have no effect on transcription or the mRNA sequence 3.)Prevent transcription at the TATAA box 4.) Result in an increase or decrease in the amount of mRNA transcribedarrow_forwardThe RB (retinoblastoma) protein normally [ Select] ["keep a transcription factor in an inactive state", "keep a transcription factor in an active state", "keep the CDK in a phosphorylated state", "block the function of the APC"] ...But it can be deactivated by [ Select ] ["ubiquitination", "methylation", "phosphorylation", "the use of a GAP"] .Mutations in Rb can lead to cancer because these mutations [ Select ] ["result in constitutive transcription leading to promotion of the cell cycle", "keep CDKs off", "deactivate p53", "increase the production of growth hormones"] PLEASE SELCET THE CORRECT ONE FOR SECTION ONE . EACH SENTECNE HAVE 4 SECTION TO PICK FROM.arrow_forward
- The steroid progesterone has an important role in the female reproductive system. Researchers interested in studying membrane progestin receptors (MPRS) developed a method to produce and purify the protein in active form. First, the researchers devised a way to prepare a specific MPR known as hMPRA using the machinery of yeast cells. In order to facilitate purification and identification in later studies, they manipulated the yeast cells so that they attached two different tags to the C-terminal end of the protein. The first tag, Compound 1, is a peptide sequence that acts as an epitope, part of a much larger peptide sequence that is recognized by the immune system. The second sequence consisted of six consecutive histidine residues (His). This sequence binds tightly to Ni2+ cations. In chromatography, (His), tag labeled proteins can be eluted from Ni²+. supported columns by adding a small molecule to the eluent that mimics the side chain of histidine.…arrow_forwardThe steroid progesterone has an important role in the female reproductive system. Researchers interested in studying membrane progestin receptors (MPRs) developed a method to produce and purify the protein in active form. First, the researchers devised a way to prepare a specific MPR known as hMPRA using the machinery of yeast cells. In order to facilitate purification and identification in later studies, they manipulated the yeast cells so that they attached two different tags to the C-terminal end of the protein. The first tag, Compound 1, is a peptide sequence that acts as an epitope, part of a much larger peptide sequence that is recognized by the immune system. The second sequence consisted of six consecutive histidine residues (His). This sequence binds tightly to Ni2+ cations. In chromatography, (His), tag labeled proteins can be eluted from Ni²+- supported columns by adding a small molecule to the eluent that mimics the side chain of histidine. After preparing hMPRA, the…arrow_forwardConsider the mechanism of the enzyme RNase: What would happen to the Km (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a lysine? Explain. What would happen to the Kcat (i.e., would it increase, decrease, or stay the same) if the his12 was mutated to a valine? Explain.arrow_forward
- Each type of molecule listed below is recognized by a specific class of nuclear import receptor (importin) or nuclear export receptor (exportin). For each type of molecule, state whether you think it is recognized by an importin or exportin and explain why (in terms of where that molecule is synthesized, what that molecule does, and where it does it). (a) RNA polyermase II: (b) ribosomal protein: (iii) †RNA:arrow_forwardWhich of the following is the most likely result of a mutation in the lac operator that prevents release of the depressor protein? Choose 1 answer: (A)The lactose permease protein will be produced, even in the absence of lactose. (B) Transcription of the structural genes will be blocked, even in the presence of lactose. (C) The catabolite activator protein will be bound to the CAP site, even in the presence of glucose. (D) Expression of the lacI gene will be repressed, even in the absence of glucose.arrow_forwardA membrane-associated protein kinase has the sequence -GMCLVS at its C-terminus, which has been shown by mutagenesis to be essential for its biological function and sub cellular location.a) What is the most likely post-translational modification that this motif would be susceptible to?b) How is this modification introduced to the protein?c) What is the likely effect of this modification on the behaviour of the protein?d) What other modification to N-terminus of the protein might achieve a similar effect on the behaviour of the protein?arrow_forward
- In the: Insertion of G after the 2nd T in the TATA box Explain: (a) What is the process affected? (b) What is the Effect on the process? (c) Does it affect prokaryotes, eukaryotes or both?arrow_forwardFor the ovalbumin gene shown, indicate the locations of the following: (a) transcription start site, (b) template strand, and (c) promoter.arrow_forwardWhen the amino acid levels in eukaryotic cells are low, general protein synthesis is reduced. Gcn4 translation, however, is increased. A. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if only one of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4? B. What would happen under high and low amino acid conditions if all of the upstream ORFs were deleted from Gcn4?arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education