Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 8PDQ
Nonsense-mediated decay is an mRNA surveillance pathway that eliminates mRNAs with premature stop codons. How does the cell distinguish between normal mRNAs and those with a premature stop?
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Students have asked these similar questions
Imagine you are going to label a gene associated with apoptosis in
Symbiodiniaceae with a Yellow Fluorescent Protein (YFP). To
generate the YFP, you know the pre-MRNA looks as follows:
Unspliced YFP premature mRNA
Сap
5' UTR
Exon 1
Intron
Exon 2
Intron
Exon 3
3' UTR
Poly-A tail
If Exon 2 is also required for mRNA stability, what can be predicted
from the possible spliced alternative isoforms formed?
One of the isoforms will not have a poly-A tail
O The alternative splicing of YFP pre-MRNA prevents 5'-capping
The MRNA isoform without Exon 2 will be degraded faster than the other
isoform
Exon 2 will be added to isoform B later to correct the mistake in splicing
The protein translated from one of the mRNA isoforms will possess an
additional functional domain
The deadenylation pathway is a critical means of maintaining a steady state level of mRNAs and proteins in the cells. How does deadenylation affect protein synthesis if it works on mRNAs?
Options:
loss of the poly A tail results in rapid 3'-5' degradation of transcript leading to reduced protein synthesis
deadenylation can result in an increased exposure of the cap to enzymes involved in decapping, leading to subsequent 5' mediated degradation
it reduces the ability of mRNAs to form 5' 3' circular mRNA structures that protects both termini
a and b only
a, b and c
Eukaryotic mRNA has a significantly longer half life than its prokaryotic counterpart. How is this accomplished in eukaryotes? What processes tend to degrade mRNA molecules in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, and why are these processes needed?
Chapter 18 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Some mutations in the tra gene of Drosophila cause...Ch. 18 - Some scientists use the analogy that the...Ch. 18 - Consider the example that actin mRNA localization...Ch. 18 - What is alternative splicing, where does it occur,...Ch. 18 - What role might the expanded tri- and...Ch. 18 - DM1 is characterized by a phenomenon known as...Ch. 18 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 18 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 18 - List three types of alternative splicing patterns...Ch. 18 - Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative...
Ch. 18 - Explain how the use of alternative promoters and...Ch. 18 - Explain how a tissue-specific RNA-binding protein...Ch. 18 - The regulation of mRNA decay relies heavily upon...Ch. 18 - Nonsense-mediated decay is an mRNA surveillance...Ch. 18 - AU-rich elements (AREs) are cis-elements in mRNAs...Ch. 18 - What are processing bodies (P bodies), and what...Ch. 18 - In 1998, future Nobel laureates Andrew Fire and...Ch. 18 - Present an overview of RNA interference (RNAi)....Ch. 18 - RNAi may be directed by small interfering RNAs...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 18 - In principle, RNAi may be used to fight viral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 18 - How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 18 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 18 - Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor...Ch. 18 - RNA helicases are a class of proteins that bind...Ch. 18 - While miRNA response elements (MREs) may be...Ch. 18 - RNAi is currently being tested as a therapeutic...Ch. 18 - The localization and translational control of...Ch. 18 - Explain how the expression of a single gene can be...
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- How would a null mutation in the guanylyl transferase gene affect overall mRNA stability in eukaryotic cells?arrow_forwardWhich of the followings indicate the order of procaryotic mRNA degreadation? cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestion The endonucleolytic cleavages occur in a 5′ to 3′ direction on the mRNA following the passage of the last ribosme- cleavage of the triphosphate 5′ terminus to yield a monophosphate- 3′ to 5′exonuclease digestionarrow_forwardIntrons are often very large and the cell has devoted mechanisms of eliminating them once they are excised from the pre-mRNA. Following intron excision, what specific ribonucleolytic enzymes or complexes contribute to eliminating the intron RNA immediately after it is excised from the pre-mRNA? Briefly describe the role of each step/enzyme and how it affects its RNA substratearrow_forward
- One procedure of obtaining cDNA from mRNA is by using oligo(dT) primers. What are oligo(dT)s? Why does using them make sense based on the processing (or modification) of precursor mRNA to get mature mRNA?arrow_forwardWhat are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs that are ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?arrow_forwardRNA silencing can be accomplished by specific MRNA degradation or by preventing its translation of the encoded protein. What specifically determines which of these two pathways will be followed? OIt depends on whether Drosha is involved in the process. It depends on whether Dicer is associated with single- or double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether the single-stranded RNA, associated with RISC, base-pairs perfectly or imperfectly with the target mRNA. It depends on whether the RITS or the RISC complex associates with double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether RISC initially binds to single- or double-stranded RNA. OOOarrow_forward
- RNA silencing can be accomplished by specific mRNA degradation or by preventing its translation of the encoded protein. What specific determines which of these two pathways will be followed? It depends on whether the RITS or the RISC complex associates with double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether the single-stranded RNA, associated with RISC, base-pairs perfectly or imperfectly with the target mRNA. It depends on whether Drosha is involved in the process. It depends on whether Dicer is associated with single- or double-stranded RNA. It depends on whether RISC initially binds to single- or double-stranded RNA.arrow_forwardThe pioneer round of translation of an mRNA is very important to identify potentially dangerous mRNAs if per chance they possess aberrant in frame translational stop codons. Their detection leads to rapid degradation through the NMD pathway. What indications would the cell use to signal that an mRNA possesses an in frame stop following the pioneering read? Choose one. a) The mRNA has a shorter Poly A tail since it is not being efficiently translated b) If the cap binding protein is no longer associated with the cap it signals to the cell that the mRNA is no longer translatable. c) A stalled ribosomal complex on the mRNA is clearly detectable and since the translational machinery cannot initiate protein synthesis it is recognized as toxic and is degraded by the 26S proteasome. d) If the mRNA contains intron sequences then it is quickly recognized by the ribosomes as being abnornal and is degraded rapidly by the 26S proteasome. e) mRNA species that are still bound by key factors that…arrow_forwardWhat is the minimum length of time required for the synthesis by E. coli polymerase of an mRNA encoding a 100- kDa protein?arrow_forward
- What are the three modifications made to pre-mRNA molecules before they become mature mRNAs, are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and become ready to be used in protein synthesis? What is the function of each modification?arrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCCAGACTCGCAarrow_forwardThe following is the only intron sequence of a gene that will be excised during the maturation of the mRNA. But it is not spliced in some tissues, where alternative splicing pattern is seen. Will the amino acid of its protein product following this sequence change? Explain with an example. ATGATAGCACCAGACTCGCAarrow_forward
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