Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 18, Problem 28ESP
While miRNA response elements (MREs) may be located anywhere within an mRNA, they are most often found outside the coding region in the 5′ or 3′ UTR. Explain why this is likely the case given that miRNAs often target more than one mRNA.
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Students have asked these similar questions
miRNAs target endogenous mRNAs in a sequence-specific manner. Explain, conceptually, how one might identify potential mRNA targets for a given miRNA if you only know the sequence of the miRNA and the sequence of all mRNAs in a cell or tissue of interest.
MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that bind to the 3′ end of mRNA and suppress translation . Some eukaryotic mRNAs have internal ribosome-binding sites downstream of the 5′ cap, where ribosomes normally bind. In one investigation, miRNAs did not suppress translation by ribosomes that had attached to internal ribosomebinding sites ). What does this finding suggest about how miRNAs suppress translation?
What are the differences between miRNA and siRNA?
(Select all that apply.)
OmiRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in
the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs are
involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules.
miRNAs are from 22 to 30 bases long, and siRNAs are 22
bases long.
O miRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in
the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs help
with the processing of the initial mRNA transcribed from
DNA into a mature form.
miRNAs prevent translation of certain mRNAs, and
siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA
molecules.
miRNAs are 20 to 22 bases long, and siRNAs are from 20
to 30 bases long.
Chapter 18 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 18 - Some mutations in the tra gene of Drosophila cause...Ch. 18 - Some scientists use the analogy that the...Ch. 18 - Consider the example that actin mRNA localization...Ch. 18 - What is alternative splicing, where does it occur,...Ch. 18 - What role might the expanded tri- and...Ch. 18 - DM1 is characterized by a phenomenon known as...Ch. 18 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 18 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 18 - List three types of alternative splicing patterns...Ch. 18 - Consider the CT/CGRP example of alternative...
Ch. 18 - Explain how the use of alternative promoters and...Ch. 18 - Explain how a tissue-specific RNA-binding protein...Ch. 18 - The regulation of mRNA decay relies heavily upon...Ch. 18 - Nonsense-mediated decay is an mRNA surveillance...Ch. 18 - AU-rich elements (AREs) are cis-elements in mRNAs...Ch. 18 - What are processing bodies (P bodies), and what...Ch. 18 - In 1998, future Nobel laureates Andrew Fire and...Ch. 18 - Present an overview of RNA interference (RNAi)....Ch. 18 - RNAi may be directed by small interfering RNAs...Ch. 18 - Prob. 14PDQCh. 18 - In principle, RNAi may be used to fight viral...Ch. 18 - Prob. 16PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 17PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 19PDQCh. 18 - How is it possible that a given mRNA in a cell is...Ch. 18 - Prob. 21PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 23PDQCh. 18 - Prob. 24ESPCh. 18 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 18 - Mutations in the low-density lipoprotein receptor...Ch. 18 - RNA helicases are a class of proteins that bind...Ch. 18 - While miRNA response elements (MREs) may be...Ch. 18 - RNAi is currently being tested as a therapeutic...Ch. 18 - The localization and translational control of...Ch. 18 - Explain how the expression of a single gene can be...
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- During periods of starvation, translation of only vital mRNAs must occur inside a cell. Explain how eIF2 can mediate both the suppression of translation of non-essential mRNAs and ensure that essential mRNAs continues to be translated.arrow_forwardConsider the following sequence fragment of an mRNA. Which of the miRNAS below would be competent for gene silencing? 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3' 5'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-3 5'-UACGUUCGUAACCGGUUCGAA-3' 5'-AAGCUUGGUUAAUGCUUGCAU-3' 5'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-3' 3'-UUCGAACCAAUUACGAACGUA-5 3'-AUGCAAGCAUUGGCCAAGCUU-5'arrow_forward1) Considering how readily RNA folds to form a secondary structure, why isn’t it used to store genetic information rather than double-stranded DNA? Cite multiple reasons. 2) Do miRNA and siRNA both derive from the same source? Explain.arrow_forward
- Why are miRNAs called noncoding RNAs? Explain how they participate in gene regulation.arrow_forwardWhat would be a possible result if a miRNA that perfectly complemented E3 ligase was successfully processed in the cell?arrow_forwardMany uridine molecules are inserted into some mitochondrial mRNAs in trypanosomes. The uridine residues come from the poly(U) tail of a donor strand. Nucleoside triphosphates do not participate in this reaction. Propose a reaction mechanism that accounts for these findings. (Hint: Relate RNA editing to RNA splicing.)arrow_forward
- Knowing that the genetic code is almost universal, a scientist uses molecular biological methods to insert the human β-globin gene (Shown in Figure 17.11) into bacterial cells, hoping the cells will express it and synthesize functional β-globin protein. Instead, the protein produced is nonfunctional and is found to contain many fewer amino acids than does β-globin made by a eukaryotic cell. Explain why.arrow_forwardOne procedure of obtaining cDNA from mRNA is by using oligo(dT) primers. What are oligo(dT)s? Why does using them make sense based on the processing (or modification) of precursor mRNA to get mature mRNA?arrow_forwardMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding, single-stranded RNAs approximately 19-25 nucleotides in length that bind to mRNAs. Numerous protein-encoding genes are regulated by miRNAs, including those involved in the immune response. Research has shown that rejection of transplanted organs is associated with alterations in the expression of various genes. To determine whether a link exists between miRNA expression patterns and organ rejection, a team of scientists performed the following set of experiments. Experiment 1 MicroRNA levels were measured in the biopsy specimens of patients with normal transplanted kidneys and patients with kidneys that showed histologic features of acute rejection (AR). MicroRNA sequences are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Normalized miRNA levels miRNA Sequence miR-142-5p 5'-CAUAAAGUAGAAAGCACUACU-3' miR-155 5'-UUAAUGCUAAUCGUGAUAGGGGU-3' Nucleotide Sequences for Mature miRNAs miR-223 miR-10b 5'-UACCCUGUAGAACCGAAUUUGUG-3' let-7c miR-30a-3p 5'-CUUUCAGUCGGAUGUUUGCAGC-3'…arrow_forward
- What will be the overall anti-codon sequence in tRNA for this mRNA? 5’-GUAGCCUUAUCUAGCGAUCACCGUCCGUAUUACUAGUGGCCAGACUCUUUUCACCAUGUAUAGUUG-3’arrow_forwardIn table 21.1, the effects of injection of different types of RNA into wild type mice was examined. Explain why injection of the the miRNA to the Kit mRNA resulted in white feet and tails, but an injection of a non-specific mRNA had no effect.arrow_forwardA normal mRNA that reads 5’ – UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC– 3’ has an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5’ -UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCCUGAAC– 3’. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA, and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. (Hint: Be sure to find the initiation site.)arrow_forward
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