Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation : Enzymes needed to get the net formation of oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.
Concept introduction : The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of
(b)
Interpretation:
Balanced equation for the net synthesisof oxaloacetate from acetyl Co-A.
Concept introduction:
The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.
(c)
Interpretation:
Whether the mammalian cells comprise of these essential enzymes.
Concept introduction: The citric acid cycle is a catabolic process. It is a series of chemical reactions in which the stored energy of the body is released by the oxidation of acetyl-Coenzyme A. Pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme complex is required for the linking of glycolysis and TCA. It helps in the conversion of pyruvate into Acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA then enters into the series of the citric acid cycle.
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Biochemistry
- Give some options choose the structure of coenzyme that is not derived from a vitamin and provide the name of enzyme to which the coenzyme belongs in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex? Give explained answerarrow_forwardConsider the carbohydrate maltose. a. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism?b. How many rounds of Citric acid Cycle must occur to complete catabolism?c. How many rounds of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?d. Calculate the number of molecules (moles) of ATP formed (net) by the complete catabolismof maltose (show your calculation).e. Calculate number of moles of ATP formed per gram of maltose metabolized (molar mass:342.3 g/mol).arrow_forwardFive coenzymes are required by a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, the enzyme in the citric acid cycle that converts a-ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA.a. Identify the coenzymes.b. Propose a mechanism for the reaction. A-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase A-ketoglutarate succinyl-CoAOO OO O−O O− −O SCoA + CO2arrow_forward
- Regarding phosphofructokinase, which of the following statements is true: a. Low [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. b. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, but fructose-2,6-bisphosphate inhibits. c. The enzyme is more active at low [ATP] than at high, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates the enzyme. d. High [ATP] stimulates the enzyme, and fructose-2,6-bisphosphate activates.arrow_forwardThe rate-limiting step in fatty acid synthesis is: a. The reduction of the acetoacetyl group to a ?-hydroxybutyryl group b. Formation of malonyl-CoA from malonate and coenzyme A. c. Condensation of acetyl-CoA and malonyl-CoA. d. The reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase.arrow_forwardAnswer A,B,Carrow_forward
- Consider the docosanoic acid, C21H43CO2H a. Label the a and B carbons b. Draw the acyl CoA derived from this fatty acid c. How many acetyl CoA molecules are formed by complete B-oxidation? d. How many cycles of B-oxidation are needed for complete oxidation? e. How many molecules of ATP are formed from the complete catabolism of this fatty acid?arrow_forward1. Explain the reaction mechanism involved how glucogenic amino acids can yield either a pyruvic acid or an oxaloacetic acid. In what pathway will pyruvic or oxaloacetic acid be used and why is this pathway important? 2. Discuss the reaction mechanism involved how the -NH2 groups of amino acids are being metabolized. 3. Explain why gluconeogenesis under conditions of starvation or diabetes breaks down body proteins. Complete answer please. Thank you. |arrow_forwardSuggest a mechanism for the synthesis of C from A and B given in the attached figure.arrow_forward
- a. Some of the acetyl-CoA used in the citric acid cycle is produced from pyruvate. List the reactants and products of this reaction. The reactants are pyruvate and The products are acetyl-CoA and In the process, a(n) is to b. Name an enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction and list its negative effectors. is the enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction. Its negative effectors are andarrow_forwardIn considering the carbohydrate maltose... a. How many molecules of acetyl CoA are formed from its complete catabolism? b. How many rounds of Citric acid Cycle must occur to complete catabolism? c. How many rounds of electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation?arrow_forwardplease answer the following:arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning