Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 16, Problem 5IQ
In this diagram of bacterial
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Summarize the functions of the following proteins in E. coli DNA replication: DNA polymerase I, DNA polymerase III, DnaA, helicase, SSB, primase, the sliding clamp, clamp loader, DNA ligase, Tus, and topoisomerases.
Define the following words: replication fork, leading strand, lagging strand, Okazaki fragments, helicase, single strand, binding protein, primase, DNA polymerase 3, DNA polymerase 1, dna ligase and nuclease
Discuss DNA replication of prokaryotes and please mention all of the enzymes and components listed below.
DNA Primase – DNA directed “RNA Pol” which inserts nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs)
Primers are oligonucleotides; priming process is the formation of primers
DNA Helicase – separates the DNA in advance of the replication fork (in E. coli DNA Helicase II); binds at AT-rich region of DNA; ATP then binds the helicase
Single-stranded DNA-binding Protein (SSBP) – no enzymatic activity; does not consume ATP
Topoisomerase – alter the supercoiling of double-stranded DNA
DNA Ligase – nicking of strands done for replication to continue
Okazaki fragments
DNA Polymerase – removes primer via 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activity; comes again for 5’ to 3’ polymerization activity (closes the gap between Okazaki fragments)
Prokaryotes
DNA Pol I – auxiliary enzyme to DNA Pol III; repairs damage; capable of excising pyrimidine dimers; polymerization via single active site that can bind all 4 dNTPs;…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 16 - Hershey and Chase devised an experiment using...Ch. 16 - Review the structure of DNA by labeling the...Ch. 16 - Using different colors for heavy (parental) and...Ch. 16 - Look back to Interactive Question 16.2 and label...Ch. 16 - In this diagram of bacterial DNA replication,...Ch. 16 - Draw the last Okazaki fragment being formed on the...Ch. 16 - List the successive levels of packing in a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1SYKCh. 16 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 16 - One of the reasons most scientists thought...
Ch. 16 - Transformation involves a. the uptake of external...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 16 - Which of the following most closely represents...Ch. 16 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - In their classic experiment, Meselson and Stahl a....Ch. 16 - The joining of nucleotides in the polymerization...Ch. 16 - DNA polymerase is not able to begin copying a DNA...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 16 - Which of the following is least related to the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 16 - Which of the following statements about telomeres...Ch. 16 - You are trying to test your hypothesis that DNA...Ch. 16 - Given the experimental procedure explained in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 21TYKCh. 16 - Biologists have learned from the technique of...
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- Given the diagram of the replication fork below, indicate the chemical group (5'-P, 3'-P, 3'-OH or 5'-OH) most likely to be found at the sites indicated below by the dots labeled A, B, and C.arrow_forwardDefine the following terms related to DNA replication: origin of replication, helicase, single-strand binding proteins, topoisomerase, primase, RNA primer, DNA polymerase III, DNA polymerase I, and DNA ligase.arrow_forwardA region of DNA has six copies of a trinucleotide repeat. During one round of replication, the template strand slips as shown in the diagram. How many repeats will the DNA have if the newly synthesized strand is used as a template in the next round of replication? 1 5'-CAG 3'-GTC GTC 4 2 GTCH 3 2 CAG CAG GTC 3 GTC 5 4 CAG-3' GTC -5' 6 Next round of DNA replicationarrow_forward
- DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3’ to 5’ direction the other one will go from 5’ to 3’ direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5’ to 3’ direction using the 3’ to 5’ directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence5’-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3’a) Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? I. Presence of start codonII. Absence of start codonIII. Due to mutationb) If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5’ to 3’ direction)?I. Substitution of C with GII. No changeIII. Deletion of CIV. Both I & IIIarrow_forwardSort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on which protein they describe. 1) Binds at the replication fork 2) binds after the replication fork 3) binds ahead of the replication fork 4) breaks H-bonds between bases 5) prevents H-bonds between bases 6) breaks covalent bonds in DNA backbone Helicase: Topoisomerase: Single-strand binding protein:arrow_forwardDNA polymerase occasionally incorporates the wrong nucleotide during DNA replication. If left unrepaired, the base-pair mismatch that results will lead to mutation in the next replication. As part of a template strand, the incorporated wrong base will direct the incorporation of a base complementary to itself, so the bases on both strands of the DNA at that position will now be different from what they were before the mismatch event. The MER-minus strain of yeast does not have a functional mismatch excision repair system, but it has normal base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair systems. Which of the following statements is correct about differences in the mutation spectrum between MER-minus and wildtype yeast? More than one answer is correct. Options: More point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast. Fewer point mutations will arise in MER-minus yeast as compared with wildtype. Of the total point mutations that…arrow_forward
- Provide the complementary strand and the RNA transcription product for the following DNA template segment:5'-AGGGGCCGTTATCGTT-3'arrow_forwardLagging strand: is synthesized discontinuously in the replication fork. direction toward the N terminal to the C terminal From the nitrogenous base to the phosphate group 5-> 3' 3'-> 5 direction toward the Leading strand: is synthesized continuously in the replication fork. N terminal to the C terminal From the nitrogenous base to the phosphate group 5-> 3' O 3'-> 5' How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to MRNA? GCUAUA CGATAT CGAUAU O GCUTUT What bases would be found on the other strand of the DNA sequence GCTATA ? GCUAUA CGATAT CGAUAU GCUTUT O O O O O OO OOarrow_forwardDNA polymerases are processive, which means that they remain tightly associated with the template strand while moving rapidly and adding nucleotides to the growing daughter stand. Which piece of the replication machinery accounts for this characteristic? Helicase Sliding Clamp Single Stranded Binding Protein Primasearrow_forward
- The figure below depicts various elements of the eukaryotic replication machinery in action. Enter the name for the protein depicted by each box. Box A Box B Box C Box D Box E Box F DNA polymerase on lagging strand (just finishing an Okazaki fragment) F Maintains polymerase association with DNA Enzyme extends separation of DNA strands Synthesizes RNA fragments that hybridize to DNA Relaxes supercoiled DNA ahead of replication fork Maintains DNA is single stranded state Promotes binding of processivity factors to DNA Newly synthesized strand pocoar Leading-strand template A New Okazaki fragment RNA primer E Lagging-strand template DNA polymerase on leading strand B C D Saaragon - Next Okazaki fragment will start here Parental DNA helixarrow_forwardDuring DNA replication in E. coli, which enzyme forms the phosphodiester bond between an RNA primer and the first incoming deoxyribonucleotide for an Okazaki fragment on the lagging strand? topoisomerase DNA polymerase III DNA helicase DNA polymerase II DNA ligase Heterogeneous nuclear RNA is typically characterized by which of the following features? it is more common in prokaryotes than in eukaryotes it contains introns, but no exons it contains more exons than introns it contains exons, but no introns it contains more introns than exonsarrow_forwardWhether the statement "In a replication bubble, the same parental DNA strand serves as the template strand for leading strand synthesis in one replication fork and as the template for lagging-strand synthesis in the other fork" is true or false.arrow_forward
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