A mechanism has to be proposed for the given acid-catalyzed formation of the ethoxyethyl protecting group. Concept introduction: Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. If the reaction is carried out with the help of an acid it is said to be an acid catalyzed hydrolysis. Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products. Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction. Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism. Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond . Nucleophile: It is negatively charged species which seeks for positive charge and hence donate pair of electrons to positively charged species (electrophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Question

Write TRUE if the underlined word/phrase makes the statement correct. Otherwise, write the correct WORD/PHRASE that will make the statement true. 1. Aldehydes and ketones generally react in a mechanism known as nucleophilic substitution reaction at the carboxylic oxygen. 2. 1-cyclopentylethan-1-one will test positive in baeyer's test and will test positive in tollen's test. 3. Gulose and idose produce the same osazones. 4. Seliwanoff's test can be used to differentiate sorbose and talose 5. Ribose is a C2 epimer of arabinose and a C4 epimer of xylose. 6. In the test for benzoic acid, boiling-off excess FeCl3 prevents the formation of Fe(OH)3 precipitate. 7. The vapor produced from the base-promoted hydrolysis of propanamide turned the blue litmus paper to red. 8. Anhydrous Na₂SO4 was added in the obtained organic layer to remove excess water. 9. In the synthesis of esters, using acyl chlorides as starting materials instead of carboxylic acids could decrease the product yield. 10. The…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.63P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: A mechanism has to be proposed for the given acid-catalyzed formation of the ethoxyethyl protecting group.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. If the reaction is carried out with the help of an acid it is said to be an acid catalyzed hydrolysis.

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Nucleophile: It is negatively charged species which seeks for positive charge and hence donate pair of electrons to positively charged species (electrophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: An experimental procedure has to be suggested whereby the protecting group in the reaction can be removed to regenerate the unprotected alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. If the reaction is carried out with the help of an acid it is said to be an acid catalyzed hydrolysis.

Mechanism of the reaction is the step-by-step description of the process by which reactants are changed into products.

Curved arrows show the bonds that are formed and the bonds that are broken in a reaction.

Curved arrows used to understand a reaction mechanism.

Electrophile: It is positively charged species which seeks for negative charge and hence accepts pair of electrons from negatively charged species (Nucleophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

Nucleophile: It is negatively charged species which seeks for positive charge and hence donate pair of electrons to positively charged species (electrophiles) which results in the formation of chemical bond.

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Write TRUE if the underlined word/phrase makes the statement correct. Otherwise, write the correct WORD/PHRASE that will make the statement true. 1. Aldehydes and ketones generally react in a mechanism known as nucleophilic substitution reaction at the carboxylic oxygen. 2. 1-cyclopentylethan-1-one will test positive in baeyer's test and will test positive in tollen's test. 3. Gulose and idose produce the same osazones. 4. Seliwanoff's test can be used to differentiate sorbose and talose 5. Ribose is a C2 epimer of arabinose and a C4 epimer of xylose. 6. In the test for benzoic acid, boiling-off excess FeCl3 prevents the formation of Fe(OH)3 precipitate. 7. The vapor produced from the base-promoted hydrolysis of propanamide turned the blue litmus paper to red. 8. Anhydrous Na₂SO4 was added in the obtained organic layer to remove excess water. 9. In the synthesis of esters, using acyl chlorides as starting materials instead of carboxylic acids could decrease the product yield. 10. The…

Account for the fact that 2-phenylpropanal is formed rather than its constitutional isomer, 1-phenyl-1-propanone.

The conversion of alcohols into alkyl halides by reaction with hydrogen halides is an example of a Nucleophilic Substitution Reaction. This kind of reaction can proceed by two different mechanisms depending on the structure of alcohol substrates used. Generally, primary alcohols are substituted via SN2 mechanism, while secondary and tertiary alcohols undergo SN1 mechanism. Consider the following reaction given in the picture below and the questions in the picture too.