Chapter 16, Problem 16.40P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The experimental conditions required to bring about the given conversion reaction has to be described.

Concept Introduction:

Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with ammonia or an amine in the presence of a reducing agent (like ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}\text{,}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{/}\text{Ni}$) is known as reductive amination.

Example:

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Check whether the given compound Rimantadine is chiral or not and the number of stereoisomers possible for the compound has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Enantiomers: These are stereoisomers that are not superimposable mirror images of each other and the configurations at all stereo genic centers are exactly opposite.

Chiral center: A chiral center is defined as the tetrahedral carbon atom in an organic molecule that is connected to four non-identical groups/substituents. It is sometimes known as a stereo genic center.

Chirality: The geometric property of molecules where the structure of the molecule and its mirror image are not superimposable is known as chirality. Chiral molecules are optically active and they can rotate the plane polarized light.

The number of stereoisomers possible for a compound can be determined using the below mentioned equation.

$\begin{array}{l}Totalnumberofstereoisomers=2^n\\ "n"isthenumberofchiralcarbons\end{array}$

Treatment of an aldehyde or ketone with ammonia or an amine in the presence of a reducing agent (like ${\text{NaBH}}_{\text{4}}\text{,}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{/}\text{Ni}$) is known as reductive amination.

Example: