Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 21PDQ
In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the function of genes at or near the site of transposon insertion. It is possible for these elements to transpose away from their original insertion site, causing a reversion of the mutant phenotype. In some cases, however, even more severe
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When the organization of adjacent genes with highly similar sequences is in an inverted orientation, this can reduce the expression of other genes that have similar sequence and are located on other chromosomes. Explain the mechanism of how this generally occurs.
Zidovudine (AZT) is a drug used to treat patients with AIDS. AZT works by blocking the reverse-transcriptase enzyme used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS. Do you expect that AZT would have any effect on transposable elements? If so, what type of transposable elements would be affected, and what would be the most likely effect?
You have the following DNA coding sequence of a wild-type allele:
5’-ATG TTC CAG CTA GAT GAT ATG CTG GTA ATT GGG GAA CGC GCG CGG TAA-3’
For each of the following mutations:
A. State whether the mutation is missense, nonsense, frameshift, or silent.
B. Write the codon change that occurs for the missense, nonsense, and silent mutations (ex. GAA -- GAT).
C. For frameshift mutations, write out the entire mutant sequence with each codon clearly indicated (if the frameshift creates a new stop codon, end the sequence at the new stop).
Using the wild type DNA sequence above as a guide :
Write the amino acid sequence of the mutants.
Mutant 1: transition at nucleotide 23
Mutant 2: T --> G transversion at nucleotide 29
Mutant 3: an insertion of “A” after nucleotide 14
Mutant 4: transition at nucleotide 7
Mutant 5: An insertion of GG after nucleotide 40
Mutant 6: transition at nucleotide 15
Mutant 7: a deletion of nucleotide 25
Chapter 15 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 15 - If a point mutation occurs within a human egg cell...Ch. 15 - One of the most famous cases of an X-linked...Ch. 15 - The cancer drug melphalan is an alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Geneticists often use the alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 15 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 15 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4PDQ
Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 15 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 15 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...Ch. 15 - What is the difference between a silent mutation...Ch. 15 - Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to...Ch. 15 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 15 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 15 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 15 - DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and...Ch. 15 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 15 - Mammography is an accurate screening technique for...Ch. 15 - A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene...Ch. 15 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 15 - Compare DNA transposons and retrotransposons. What...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 15 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 15 - Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 15 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 15 - What evidence indicates that mutations in human...Ch. 15 - Among Betazoids in the world of Star Trek, the...Ch. 15 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 15 - It has been noted that most transposons in humans...Ch. 15 - Mutations in the IL2RG gene cause approximately 30...
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- describe two blotting methods (i.e., Northern blottingand Western blotting) used to detect gene products. Northern blotting detects RNA and Western blotting detects proteins. Supposethat a female fruit fly is heterozygous for a maternal effect gene,which we will call gene B. The female is Bb. The normal allele, B,encodes a functional mRNA that is 550 nucleotides long. A recessive allele, b, encodes a shorter mRNA that is 375 nucleotideslong. (Allele b is due to a deletion within this gene.) How couldyou use one or more of these techniques to show that nurse cellstransfer gene products from gene B to developing oocytes? Youmay assume that you can dissect the ovaries of fruit flies and isolate oocytes separately from nurse cells. In your answer, describeyour expected results.arrow_forwardGiven a mutation in the promoter, coding region, and/or non-coding region of a gene, explain how these three scenarios create new alleles of the same gene.arrow_forwardYou have a strain of Neurospora that is unable to synthesize histidine and thus requires H in the media in order to grow. You have isolated one revertant colony. Predict the expected proportion of the progeny that would be h+ if you cross the colony with the original mutant colony and the reversion occurred by each of the following mechanisms: Precise change of the mutated base back to its original base. A suppressor gene is mutated on a different chromosome A suppressor gene is mutated on the same chromosome but 10mu distant from the mutated gene. The mutant colony is crossed to a wild-type Neurospora colony and the following data are collected. 95% of all asci scored are h+ but 5% are h-. Which mechanism in part a is consistent with these data? Explain why and what has happened on a molecular level.arrow_forward
- In the fX174 genome, describe the difference between how thegene B and gene A* proteins are madearrow_forwardIn the bacteriophage T7 system used to express recombinant proteins, the gene of interest is fused to T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase is separately cloned into the same cell. What is the main reason this system uses T7 RNA polymerase instead of relying on the bacterial RNA polymerase? To restrict the expression of bacterial protein expression To enhance the amount of recombinant protein expression To enhance the expression of bacterial protein expression To restrict the amount of recombinant protein expression To enable the expression of T7 viral protein expressionarrow_forwardLeber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA) causes progressive vision loss due to defects in the gene that encodes RPE65 isomerase. Affected individuals are homozygous recessive for mutant alleles of the RPE65 gene. You are trying to determine the molecular nature of the mutations in three individuals with LCA. For ease of analysis, you may assume that each individual is homozygous for the same mutant allele (though the three individuals have different mutations than each other). You use the polymerase chain reaction to amplify DNA from each patient and you determine the sequence of the DNA and compare it to unaffected individuals. You identify the following differences. Note that the non-template strand of DNA is given and the changes are highlighted using red boldface. You can assume that the sequences are in the first reading frame (eg. the first three nucleotides of each sequence is a codon). The coding region of the gene is 1602 bp and the position of the sequences shown below is…arrow_forward
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