Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134604718
Author: William S. Klug, Michael R. Cummings, Charlotte A. Spencer, Michael A. Palladino, Darrell Killian
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 15, Problem 4NST
Geneticists often use the alkylating agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; see Figure 15.6) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?
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Geneticists often use the alkylating agent ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS; see Figure 15.6) to induce mutations in Drosophila. Why is EMS a mutagen of choice for genetic research? What would be the effects of EMS in a strain of Drosophila lacking functional mismatch repair systems?
Describe how you would use replica plating of mutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identify temperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essential genes needed for yeast growth and survival.
Most organisms display a circadian rhythm, a cycling of biological processes that is roughly synchronized with day length. In Drosophila, pupae eclose (emerge as adults after metamorphosis) at dawn.
a)Using this knowledge how would screen for Drosophila mutants that have an impaired circadian rhythm?
b)In each case, how would you clone the genes you identified by mutation?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Concepts of Genetics (12th Edition)
Ch. 15 - If a point mutation occurs within a human egg cell...Ch. 15 - One of the most famous cases of an X-linked...Ch. 15 - The cancer drug melphalan is an alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Geneticists often use the alkylating agent...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - Six months pregnant, an expectant mother had a...Ch. 15 - HOW DO WE KNOW? In this chapter, we focused on how...Ch. 15 - CONCEPT QUESTION Review the Chapter Concepts list...Ch. 15 - What is a spontaneous mutation, and why are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 4PDQ
Ch. 15 - Prob. 5PDQCh. 15 - Why is a random mutation more likely to be...Ch. 15 - Most mutations in a diploid organism are...Ch. 15 - What is the difference between a silent mutation...Ch. 15 - Describe a tautomeric shift and how it may lead to...Ch. 15 - Contrast and compare the mutagenic effects of...Ch. 15 - Why are frameshift mutations likely to be more...Ch. 15 - Why are X rays more potent mutagens than UV...Ch. 15 - DNA damage brought on by a variety of natural and...Ch. 15 - Contrast the various types of DNA repair...Ch. 15 - Mammography is an accurate screening technique for...Ch. 15 - A significant number of mutations in the HBB gene...Ch. 15 - Describe how the Ames test screens for potential...Ch. 15 - Prob. 18PDQCh. 15 - Compare DNA transposons and retrotransposons. What...Ch. 15 - Prob. 20PDQCh. 15 - In maize, a Ds or Ac transposon can alter the...Ch. 15 - Prob. 22PDQCh. 15 - In a bacterial culture in which all cells are...Ch. 15 - Presented here are hypothetical findings from...Ch. 15 - Prob. 25ESPCh. 15 - Prob. 26ESPCh. 15 - What evidence indicates that mutations in human...Ch. 15 - Among Betazoids in the world of Star Trek, the...Ch. 15 - Skin cancer carries a lifetime risk nearly equal...Ch. 15 - It has been noted that most transposons in humans...Ch. 15 - Mutations in the IL2RG gene cause approximately 30...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- A chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations produced by 2- Aminopurine Nitrous acid Hydroxylamine Acridine orange PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardA chemist synthesizes four new chemical compounds in the laboratory and names them PFI1, PFI2, PFI3, and PFI4. He gives the PFI compounds to a geneticist friend and asks her to determine their mutagenic potential. The geneticist finds that all four are highly mutagenic. She also tests the capacity of mutations produced by the PFI compounds to be reversed by other known mutagens and obtains the following results. What conclusions can you make about the nature of the mutations produced by these compounds? Reversed by Mutations, Nitrous, Aminopurine acid Acridine orange 2- produced by Hydroxylamine PFI1 Yes Yes Some No PFI2 No No No No PFI3 Yes Yes No No PFI4 No No No Yesarrow_forwardIf you wanted to analyze the size and abundance of the HOAP protein in an extract from a Drosophila animal that you think may be mutant for the HOAP gene, what method could you use to target your analysis specifically to the HOAP protein in that extract?arrow_forward
- Researchers have identified a gene (FR) responsible for watermelon resistance to infection by Dacus curcurbitae (a close relative of Drosophila melanogaster). They isolate RNA from resistant (FR+) and sensitive (fr-) watermelons and use a probe that will recognize both FR+ and fr- transcripts. They also isolate protein from resistant and sensitive watermelons and perform a Western blot using an antibody that can recognize the fr- and FR+ protein. Describe the results illustrated below and give a plausible molecular explanation for these observations.arrow_forwardDiscuss how ultra violet light works as a mutagen. This could include: What is UV light and the Mutations commonly introduced by UV light? What are the Repair mechanisms in yeast that fix damage caused by UV light? Describe the phenotypes of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae plates, the first plate is the control yeast, while the second plate has been exposed to low UV light, the third plate has been exposed to high UV light. Normal yeast has round smooth white colonies. Are there any signinifcant differences?arrow_forwardMutations in the CFTR gene result in cystic fibrosis in humans, a conditions in which abnormal secretions are present in the lungs, pancreas, and sweat glands. The gene was mapped to a 500-kb region on chromosome 7 containing 3 candidate genes. a)Using your knowledge of the disease symptoms, how would you distinguish between the candidate genes to decide which is most likely to encode the CFTR gene? b)How would you prove that your chosen candidate is the CFTR gene?arrow_forward
- Although several different mammalian species have been cloned, the efficiency of this process is extremely low. Often tens or even hundreds of oocytes must be implanted with donor nuclei to obtain one healthy live birth. Many researchers believe the difficulties with cloning reside in the epigenetic modifications, such as DNA and histone methylation, that occur within various cells during an individual’s life. How do you suspect such modifications might affect the success of an experimentarrow_forwardThe ability to selectively modify the genome in the mouse has revolutionized mouse genetics. Outline the procedure for generating a knockout mouse at a specific genetic locus. How can the loxP-Cre system be used to conditionally knock out a gene? What is an important medical application of knockout mice?arrow_forwardExpression of recombinant proteins in yeast is an important tool for biotechnology companies that produce new drugs for human use. In an attempt to get a new gene X expressed in yeast, a researcher has integrated gene X into the yeast genome near a telomere. Will this strategy result in good expression of gene X? Why or why not? Would the outcome of this experiment differ if the experiment had been performed in a yeast line containing mutations in the H3 or H4 histone tails?arrow_forward
- In the bacteriophage T7 system used to express recombinant proteins, the gene of interest is fused to T7 promoter and T7 RNA polymerase is separately cloned into the same cell. What is the main reason this system uses T7 RNA polymerase instead of relying on the bacterial RNA polymerase? To restrict the expression of bacterial protein expression To enhance the amount of recombinant protein expression To enhance the expression of bacterial protein expression To restrict the amount of recombinant protein expression To enable the expression of T7 viral protein expressionarrow_forwardWhat are the evolutionary advantages associated with stress-induced mutagenesis?arrow_forwardScientists carried out a microarray analysis to compare the gene expression of normal pancreatic cells to that of cancer cells from a person with pancreatic cancer. The scientists labeled the cDNA from the normal pancreatic cells with green fluorescent nucleotides. They labeled the cDNA from the cancer cells with red fluorescent nucleotides. The two cDNAs were mixed and allowed to hybridize to a microarray. Less p53 activity is found in cancer pancreatic cells than normal cells. What color would the spot for the p53 gene be on the microarray? Red Green Yellow Blackarrow_forward
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