Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 14, Problem 5MC
Summary Introduction
Introduction: DNA cloning is a
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a. unwinds the DNA helix
b. stabilizes and stops the two strands from annealing (rebinding with
each other)
c. recoils the DNA
d. cleaves both strands of DNA to relieve tension at supercoils
e. places RNA primers at their proper location on the template strands
f. acts as starting points for DNA polymerase
g. adds DNA nucleotides to form new DNA strands
h. forms phosphodiester bonds to join Okazaki fragments
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1. single-strand binding protein
2. helicase
3. DNA ligase
4. RNA primer
5. gyrase
6. DNA polymerase
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F5
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Spontaneous mutations can arise from
a. all answers are correct
b. DNA polymerase inserts an incorrect nucleotide
c. a loop occurs during replication
d. a base gets damaged
Define the following terms: a. molecular biology b. genetics c. replication d. transcription e. transcriptome
Chapter 14 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 14.1 - define biotechnology?Ch. 14.1 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.1 - define GMO and transgenic organism?Ch. 14.2 - describe natural processes that recombine DNA,...Ch. 14.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 14.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 14.3 - summarize how CRISPR-Cas9 works and explain why it...Ch. 14.4 - For any single person, a given STR always has...Ch. 14.4 - There are many other applications in which DNA...Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 1CYL
Ch. 14.4 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.5 - Restriction enzymes are isolated from bacteria....Ch. 14.5 - Many countries regulate the use of genetically...Ch. 14.5 - explain how genes are inserted into a plasmid, and...Ch. 14.5 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1CTCh. 14.6 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 14.6 - describe the advantages of genetically modified...Ch. 14.6 - list some examples of how genetically modified...Ch. 14.6 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 14.7 - Explain how fetal DNA could be used to establish...Ch. 14.7 - explain how biotechnology is used to diagnose both...Ch. 14.7 - describe how transgenic organisms are used to...Ch. 14.7 - describe the procedures and advantages of gene...Ch. 14.8 - explain why people might be opposed to the use of...Ch. 14.8 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 14.8 - Prob. 1CTCh. 14 - Prob. 1MCCh. 14 - Prob. 3MCCh. 14 - A restriction enzyme a. cuts DNA at a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5MCCh. 14 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 14 - _________is the process whereby bacteria pick up...Ch. 14 - The _______ is a technique tor multiplying DNA in...Ch. 14 - Matching DNA samples in forensics uses a specific...Ch. 14 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 14 - Describe two natural forms of genetic...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2RQCh. 14 - Prob. 3RQCh. 14 - Prob. 4RQCh. 14 - Prob. 5RQCh. 14 - Prob. 6RQCh. 14 - How does gel electrophoresis separate pieces of...Ch. 14 - Prob. 8RQCh. 14 - Prob. 9RQCh. 14 - Prob. 10RQCh. 14 - As you may know, many Insects have evolved...Ch. 14 - Prob. 2AC
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- Which of the following enzymes is responsible for "exposing" or "unwinding" the DNA template (taking it out of its double helix) for DNA Replication? a. Topoisomerase b. Telomerase c. DNA Ligase d. Primase e. Helicasearrow_forwardWhich of the following are strategies used by stem cells to reduce risk of alterations in their genomes and cancer (select all that apply)? A. Divide frequently so mutations during replication are diluted out B. Express high levels of xenobiotic transporters to pump exogenous chemical out of cells C. During replication, stem cells keep newly replicated strand while transit cells keep template copy D. Activate apoptosis pathways rather than DNA repair pathways when undergo DNA damage E. Located in tissue sites with minimal exposure to exogenous chemicalsarrow_forwardTopoisomerases are enzymes that can: a. join two DNA fragments to become one. b. catalyze conformational change of a protein. c. cut DNA at specific site. d. catalyze the breaking and rejoining of DNA strands which produces DNA that is either more or less superhelical than the original.arrow_forward
- A. Changes and damages to the DNA is permanent and has no remedy.B. Damage to the DNA can be reversed via replacing the damaged nucleotides in the DNA sequence. a. Statement A is correctb. Statement B is correctc. Both A and B are correctd. Both A and B are incorrectarrow_forwardThe function of a restriction enzyme is to a. prevent the movement of DNA outside the nucleus b. separate the DNA double helix c. cut the nucleotide sequence at a specific location in DNA d. proofread DNA for accidental damages and corrects these errorsarrow_forwardThe enzyme responsible for adding new nucleotides to a growing DNA chain during DNA replication is a. helicase. b. RNA polymerase. c. DNA polymerase. d. DNA ligase.arrow_forward
- When using gene therapy to treat an hereditary disease, the idea is to: A. Introduce the correct gene into the patient's DNA B. Inject the patient with a specific protein to cure the disease. C. Blood transfusions from healthy individuals. D. ntroduce mRNA molecules with the correct genetic information to the patient. E. Introduce a virus to the patient that will specifically destroy mutated cells.arrow_forwardResearchers can isolate a sample of cells, such as skin fibroblasts, and grow them in the laboratory. This procedure is called a cell culture. A cell culture can be exposed to a sample of DNA. If the cells are treated with agents that make their membranes permeable to DNA, the cells may take up the DNA and incorporate it into their chromosomes. This process is called transformation or transfection. Scientists have transformed human skin fibroblasts with methylated DNA and then allowed the fibroblasts to divide for several cellular generations. The DNA in the daughter cells was then isolated, and the segment that corresponded to the transformed DNA was examined. This DNA segment in the daughter cells was also found to be methylated. However, if the original skin fibroblasts were transformed with unmethylated DNA, the DNA found in the daughter cells was also unmethylated. With regard to the transformed DNA, do fibroblasts perform de novo methylation, maintenance methylation, or both?…arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about DNA probes are false? a. Probes can be labeled with a fluorescent dye to facilitate detection. b. Probes can be labeled with radioactive phosphorus to facilitate detection. c. Probes are typically composed of double stranded pieces of DNA. d. Probes are typically composed of single stranded pieces of DNA.arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT true of DNA polymerase? a. DNA polymerase builds the new strand from 5' to 3'. b. DNA polymerase can start new DNA strands independently. c. DNA polymerase uses a "guess and check" method to add nucleotides. d. DNA polymerase uses dATP as a nucleotide. e. DNA polymerase reads the template from 3' to 5'.arrow_forwardBelow is a list of functions related to protein synthesis. Place the number for the function in the blank above its corresponding structure. 1. Copies the genetic code from DNA and carries it to the ribosomes 2. Splits DNA into two strands and transcribes MRNA from the antisense strand 3. Carries amino acids to the ribosome 4. Area on DNA antisense strand that RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription Promoter MRNA RNA TRNA region polymerasearrow_forwardA promoter is ______. a. a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides b. a specific sequence of RNA nucleotides c. a protein that binds to DNA d. an enzyme that synthesizes RNAarrow_forward
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