Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 13.2, Problem 1C
VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows the relationships among the following: RNA, translation, DNA, transcription, and polypeptide.
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Order+the+following+of+protein+sentesis+sequence+from+earliest: (a)tRNA molecule bring specific amino acids to he mRNA molecule. b)mRNA nucleotides join with exposed DNA bases and form a molecule of mRNA.(c)The two stands of a DNA molecule separate. (d)Peptide bonds form between the amino acids. (e)the mRNA molecule leave the nucleus. (f) a ribosome attached to the mRNA molecule.
a) How to transfer biological information in protein synthesis? What is the link between DNA and proteins? What role does RNA play in each? Explain the protein synthesis.
Describe the process of translating mRNA into proteins. Be sure to also include the following key terms: tRNA, ribosomes, codon, base pairs, cytoplasm, amino acids.
Chapter 13 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 13.1 - Summarize the early evidence indicating that some...Ch. 13.1 - Describe how Beadle and Tatums experiments...Ch. 13.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 13.1 - How did the work of each of the following...Ch. 13.2 - Outline the flow of genetic information in cells,...Ch. 13.2 - Compare the structures of DNA and RNA.Ch. 13.2 - Explain why the genetic code is said to be...Ch. 13.2 - VISUALIZE Sketch a simple flow diagram that shows...Ch. 13.2 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.3 - Compare the processes of transcription and DNA...
Ch. 13.3 - Compare bacterial and eukaryotic mRNAs, and...Ch. 13.3 - In what ways are DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase...Ch. 13.3 - A certain template DNA strand has the following...Ch. 13.3 - What features do mature eukaryotic mRNA molecules...Ch. 13.4 - Identify the features of tRNA that are important...Ch. 13.4 - Explain how ribosomes function in polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - Prob. 10LOCh. 13.4 - Prob. 11LOCh. 13.4 - What are ribosomes made of? Do ribosomes carry...Ch. 13.4 - What happens in each stage of polypeptide...Ch. 13.4 - A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide...Ch. 13.5 - Give examples of the different classes of...Ch. 13.5 - What are the main types of mutations?Ch. 13.5 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Briefly discuss RNA interference.Ch. 13.6 - Prob. 14LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 15LOCh. 13.6 - Prob. 1CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 13.6 - Prob. 3CCh. 13 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 13 - What is the correct order of information flow in...Ch. 13 - During transcription, how many RNA nucleotide...Ch. 13 - The genetic code is defined as a series of...Ch. 13 - RNA differs from DNA in that the base...Ch. 13 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 13 - Which of the following is/are not found in a...Ch. 13 - Which of the following is/are typically removed...Ch. 13 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 13 - Suppose you mix the following components of...Ch. 13 - Prob. 11TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 13 - Compare and contrast the formation of mRNA in...Ch. 13 - Explain to a friend the experimental strategy that...Ch. 13 - Biologists hypothesize that transposons eventually...Ch. 13 - Prob. 16TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 17TYUCh. 13 - Prob. 18TYU
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- Describe the process of protein synthesis and localize where each step takes place. Make sure to describe and use the following terms: Translation: mRNA to proteins (cytoplasm) mRNA w/codon, ribosomes, tRNA w/anticodon and amino acid, protein with 3D structurearrow_forward. Which of the following statements best summarizes the differences between DNA and RNA? A) DNA is transcribed using RNA polymerase to form mRNA and mRNA is translated by the Ribosome to form a polypeptide, B) The bases in DNA contain sugars, whereas the bases in RNA do not contain sugar. C) DNA nucleotides contain a different glucose compared to RNA nucleotides. D) DNA is formed using the base uracil, whereas RNA uses the base thymine. E) DNA encodes the sequence of amino acids for the primary structure of a polypeptide whereas mRNA does notarrow_forwardUsing a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three tRNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.arrow_forward
- Name the three major assumptions made by the "Cell theory". (i) The lipid membrane is composed of lipid molecules. Explain the principle of membrane formation highlighting the role of the physical properties of the lipids. (ii) Comparing dimensions and length scales is often a first step in an analysis. Give an approximate value for the thickness of a lipid bilayer and the linear length of a helical turn of a DNA double helix.arrow_forwardQ: Sort each description by the type of RNA it describes? a) contains an anticodon b) specifies the amino acid squence for a protein c) contains exons d) has amino acids covalently attached e) is a component of ribosomes f) is the most abundant form of RNA A) a, b, d - TRNA, c - MRNA, e, f - FRNA B) a, c - TRNA, b, d - MRNA, e, f - rRNA C) a, e, f - FRNA, b - mRNA, c, d - TRNA OD) None of the abovearrow_forward+ Objective 11: Using the genetic code, demonstrate understanding of translation by converting a sequence of DNA nucleotides into a sequence of amino acids. Use the following sequence of DNA nucleotides as an example: DNA triplets: mRNA codons: Amino Acids: ACG-TTC-CAT-GCA I Objective 12: Explain the process of translation including where it occurs in the cell.arrow_forward
- Match the following: Forms part of the subunits for the protein synthesizing organelle A molecule that binds to a specific codon and specific amino acid simultaneously Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] SEXINVarrow_forwardUsing a diagram, outline the structure of a ribosome, including protein and RNA composition, large and small subunits, three RNA binding sites and mRNA binding sites.arrow_forwardwhich statement about genetic code is not true? A) mRNA is read 3 bases at a time, which are called codons. B) There is one initiator codon that codes for an amino acid. C) Each amino acid is coded for by only one codon. D) There are 3 termination codons that do not code for amino acids. E) Each codon is specific for only one amino acid. An anion has an equilibrium potential of -40 mV. What direction are the chemical and electrical forces acting on the anion at the resting membrane potential (-70 mV)? A) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed out of the cell. B) The chemical force is directed out of the cell and the electrical force is directed into the cell. C) The chemical force is directed into the cell and the electrical force is directed out of the cell. D) There is insufficient information to answer this question. E) Both the chemical and electrical forces are directed into the cell.arrow_forward
- VISUALIZE Sketch a pyrimidine nucleotide subunit that would be found only in RNA. Circle and label the three components that make up this type of nucleotide. Explain what changes in the functional groups of this subunit would have to occur for it to be found in a DNA molecule.arrow_forwardConsider an animal. During DNA replication, all base pairs of DNA are copied. But, during transcription, only some of the DNA bases are transcribed. What parts of the DNA or/and protein(s) determines which part of the genome is transcribed into mRNA? (short answer)arrow_forward* hat do you think holds together the various secondary structural elements in a Particular three-dimensional pattern? (Hint: Look back at Figure 4 - what is sticking out from the sides of the a-helices and B-strands?) glutamic acid B CH, CH valine CH H-N CH H. valine alanine CH2 CH2 lysine Figure 4-4 Essential Cell Biology 3/e (O Garland Science 2010) Figure 6. Three examples of bonding interactions that stabilize the tertiary structures of proteins (indicated by arrows A, B,and C). Copyright 2013 from Essential Cell Biology, 4th Edition by Alberts et al. Reproduced by permission Garland Science/ Taylor & Francis LLC. CH2 CH, SH SH CH2 CH2 OXIDATION CH2 SH REDUCTION SH CH2 CH2 Figure 4-26 Essential Cell Bialogy 3e o Garland Science 2010) Figure 7. Disulfide bonds within proteins can form (left-pointing arrow) or be broken (right- pointing arrow), depending on their chemical surroundings (oxidative or reducing). Copyright 2013 from Essential Cell Biology,4th Edition by Alberts et al.…arrow_forward
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