Production and Operations Analysis, Seventh Edition
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781478623069
Author: Steven Nahmias, Tava Lennon Olsen
Publisher: Waveland Press, Inc.
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Question
Chapter 12.3, Problem 17P
Summary Introduction
Interpretation: Three Sigma Control limits needs to be determined based on the given data.
Concept Introduction: P chart is a statistical control chart which helps in monitoring the non-defective pcs in a sample.
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Over a period of 12 consecutive production hours, samples of size 50 resulted in the following proportions of defective items: (given)
a. What are the three-sigma control limits for this process?b. Do any of the sample points fall outside of the control limits?c. The company claims a defect rate of 3 percent for these items. Are the observed proportions consistent with a target value of 3 percent defectives? What difficulty would arise if the control limits were based on a target value of 0.03? In view of the company’s claims, what difficulty would arise if the control limits computed in part (a) were used?
Organic Grains LLC uses statistical process control to ensure that its health-conscious, low-fat, multigrain sandwich loaves have the proper weight.
Based on a previously stable and in-control process, the control limits of the x- and R-charts are:
UCL-4.86, LCL- = 4.52,
UCLR=1.344, LCLR = 0.
Over the past few days, they have taken five random samples of four loaves each and have found the following:
Based on the x-chart, is one or more samples beyond the control limits?
Sample
1
2
3
4
5
Yes
No
Loaf # 1
4.8
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.0
Net Weight
Loaf # 2
4.7
4.8
4.5
4.9
4.8
Loaf # 3
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.7
4.7
Loaf # 4
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.6
Refer to Table S6.1-Factors for Computing Control Chart Limits (3 sigma) for this problem.
Thirty-five samples of size 7 each were taken from a fertilizer-bag-filling machine at Panos Kouvelis Lifelong Lawn Ltd. The results were: Overall mean = 54.75 lb.; Average range R = 1.54 lb.
a) For the given sample size, the control limits for 3-sigma x chart are:
Upper Control Limit (UCL) = lb. (round your response to three decimal places).
Chapter 12 Solutions
Production and Operations Analysis, Seventh Edition
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 2PCh. 12.1 - Prob. 3PCh. 12.1 - Prob. 4PCh. 12.1 - Prob. 5PCh. 12.1 - Prob. 6PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 7PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 8PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 9PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 10PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 11P
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12PCh. 12.2 - Prob. 13PCh. 12.3 - Prob. 14PCh. 12.3 - Prob. 15PCh. 12.3 - Prob. 16PCh. 12.3 - Prob. 17PCh. 12.4 - Prob. 18PCh. 12.4 - Prob. 19PCh. 12.4 - Prob. 20PCh. 12.4 - Prob. 21PCh. 12.5 - Prob. 22PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 23PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 24PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 25PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 26PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 27PCh. 12.6 - Prob. 28PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 29PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 30PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 31PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 32PCh. 12.9 - Prob. 33PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 34PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 35PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 37PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 38PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 39PCh. 12.10 - Prob. 40PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 41PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 42PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 43PCh. 12.11 - Prob. 44PCh. 12.12 - Prob. 46PCh. 12.12 - Prob. 47PCh. 12.12 - Prob. 48PCh. 12 - Prob. 49APCh. 12 - Prob. 50APCh. 12 - Prob. 51APCh. 12 - Prob. 52APCh. 12 - Prob. 53APCh. 12 - Prob. 54APCh. 12 - Prob. 55APCh. 12 - Prob. 57APCh. 12 - Prob. 58APCh. 12 - Prob. 59APCh. 12 - Prob. 60APCh. 12 - Prob. 61APCh. 12 - Prob. 62APCh. 12 - Prob. 63APCh. 12 - Prob. 64APCh. 12 - Prob. 65APCh. 12 - Prob. 66APCh. 12 - Prob. 67APCh. 12 - Prob. 68APCh. 12 - Prob. 69APCh. 12 - Prob. 70AP
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- A process filling small bottles with baby formula has a target of 3ounces ± 0.150 ounce. Two hundred bottles from the process were sampled. The results showed the average amount of formula placed in the bottles to be 3.042 ounces. The standard deviation of the amounts was 0.034 ounce. Determine the value of Cpk. Roughly what proportion of bottles meet the specifications? The process capability index (Cpk) is ?? enter your response here (round your response to three decimal places).▼ Slightly more than 80 , 99.99, 99.73, 9095.45 ?? %of the bottles meet the specifications. Which of the number above is slightly more than?arrow_forwardCan someone please explain to me how to complete 3-sigma control limits (upper and Lower) using Excel? This is the question I am trying to answer: Thirty-five samples of size 7 each were taken from a fertilizer-bag-filling machine at Panos Kouvelis Lifelong Lawn Ltd. The results were: Overall mean = 57.75 lb., Average range R = 1.78 lb.a) For the given sample size, the control limits for 3-sigma x chart are:Upper Control Limit (UCL) = ____Ib (round your response to three decimal places)arrow_forwardA process filling small bottles with baby formula has a target of 3.1 ounces, plus or minus 0.255 ounce. Two hundred bottles from the process were sampled. The results showed the average amount of formula placed in the bottles to be 3.050 ounces. The standard deviation of the amounts was 0.068 ounce. Determine the value of Upper C Subscript pk. Roughly what proportion of bottles meet the specifications? The process capability index is (round your response to three decimal places).arrow_forward
- Five data entry operators work at the data process-ing department of the Birmingham Bank. Each day for 30 days, the number of defective records in a sample of 250 records typedby these operators has been noted, as follows: a) Establish 3s upper and lower control limits.b) Why can the lower control limit not be a negative number? c) The industry standards for the upper and lower control lim-its are 0.10 and 0.01, respectively. What does this imply about Birmingham Bank’s own standards?arrow_forwardUsing samples of 200 credit card statements, an auditor found the following: Sample 1 2 3 4 Number with errors 4 2 5 9 a. Determine the fraction defective in each sample. b. If the true fraction defective for this process is unknown, what is your estimate of it? c. What is your estimate of the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution of fractions defective for samples of this size? d. What control limits would give an alpha risk of .03 for this process? Page 457 e. What alpha risk would control limits of .047 and .003 provide? f. Using control limits of .047 and .003, is the process in control? g. Suppose that the long-term fraction defective of the process is known to be 2 percent. What are the values of the mean and standard deviation of the sampling distribution? h. Construct a control chart for the process, assuming a fraction defective of 2 percent, using two-sigma control limits. Is the process in control? Can you show me the steps and formulas using excelarrow_forwardExplain how a person using 2-sigma control charts will more easily find samples “out of bounds” than 3-sigma control charts. What are some possible consequences of this fact?arrow_forward
- Refer to Table S6.1 - Factors for Computing Control Chart Limits (3 sigma) LOADING... for this problem. Thirty-five samples of size 7 each were taken from a fertilizer-bag-filling machine at Panos Kouvelis Lifelong Lawn Ltd. The results were: Overall mean = 60.75 lb.; Average range R = 1.64 lb. a) For the given sample size, the control limits for 3-sigma x chart are: Upper Control Limit (UCLx) = nothing lb. (round your response to three decimal places).arrow_forwardThe quality assurance manager is assessing the capability of a process that puts pressurized grease in an aerosol can. The design specifications call for an average of 60 pounds per square inch (psi) of pressure in each can with an upper specification limit of 65 psi and a lower specification limit of 55 psi. A sample is taken from production and it is found that the cans average 61 psi with a standard deviation of 2 psi. What is the capability of the process? What is the probability of producing a defect?arrow_forwardThe school board is trying to evaluate a new math program introduced to second-graders in five elementary schools across the county this year. A sample of the student scores onstandardized math tests in each elementary school yielded the following data: Construct a c-chart for test errors, and set the control limits to con tain 99 .73% of the random variation in test scores. What does the chart tell you? Has the new math program been effective?arrow_forward
- Using samples of 197 credit card statements, an auditor found the following: Sample 1 3 errors Sample 2 3 errors Sample 3 5 errors Sample 4 9 errors 1. what alpha risk would control limits of .0470 and .0038 provide? 2. Using control limits of .0470 and .0038, is the process in control? 3. Construct a control chart for the process, assuming a fraction defective of 2 percent, using two-sigma control limits. Is the process in control?arrow_forwardDesign the Single Sampling Plan (SSP) that will accept 95% of the lots containing 2% defective parts and will accept only 5% of the lots containing 9% defective parts.arrow_forwardThirty-five samples of size 7 each were taken from a fertilizer-bag-filling machine at Panos Kouvelis Lifelong Lawn Ltd. The results were: Overall mean = 54.75 lb.; Average range R = 1.78 lb. a) For the given sample size, the control limits for 3-sigma x chart are: Upper Control Limit (UCL) = lb. (round your response to three decimal places).arrow_forward
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